bonding (3) Flashcards
what is electronegativity?
power of an atom to attract the two electrons in a covalent bond
3 factors that effect electronegativity?
nuclear charge, atomic radius, shielding.
how does nuclear charge effect electronegativity?
more protons, stronger attraction between nucleus and bonding pair of electrons
how does atomic radius effect electronegativity?
closer to the nucleus, stronger attraction between nucleus and bonding pair of electrons
how does shielding effect electronegativity?
less shells of electrons between the nucleus and the electrons means less shielding, stronger attraction between nucleus and bonding pair of electrons
trend in electronegativity when going down a group
decreases
- atomic radius increases
-more shielding and less attraction between nucleus and bonding pair of electrons
trend in electronegativity across a period
increases since
-atomic radius decreases
-nuclear charge increases
-same shielding
therefore stronger attraction between nucleus and bonding pair of electrons
what does non-polar covalent bond mean?
covalent bonds where the two electrons are shared equally
when do non polar covalent bonds happen?
when two atoms in a covalent bond have the same electronegativity
what is polar covalent bonds?
covalent bonds where the two electrons are not shared equally
when do polar covalent bonds happen?
when 2 atoms in a covalent bond have a different electronegativity
describe linear shape
bonding pairs: 2
lone pairs: 0
bond angle: 180
describe trigonal planer
bonding pairs: 3
lone pairs: 0
bond angle: 120
describe bent (3)
bonding pairs: 2
lone pairs: 1
bond angle: 118
describe tetrahedral
bonding pairs: 4
lone pairs: 0
bond angle: 109.5
