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Chemistry GCSE Further and Additional > Bonding > Flashcards

Bonding Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Ionic Bonding

A

transfer of electrons

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2
Q

What is Covalent Bonding

A

sharing electrons

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3
Q

Name two features of a simple molecular structure

A

Low boiling/melting point, poor conductor

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4
Q

Name two features of a giant metallic structure

A

High boiling/melting point, good conductor

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5
Q

Name two features of a giant covalent structure

A

High boiling/melting point, poor conductor

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6
Q

Name two features of a giant ionic structure

A

High boiling/melting point, conducts when molten

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7
Q

Simple Molecular Structures have _____ intermolecular forces

A

weak

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8
Q

Simple molecular structures have no free ions. True or False?

A

True

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9
Q

Simple molecular structures have free ions. True or False?

A

False

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10
Q

Giant Covalent Structures have _____ intermolecular forces

A

Strong

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11
Q

Giant Covalent Structures don’t conduct except for molten Graphite. True or False?

A

True

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12
Q

Giant Covalent Structures are good conductors. True or False?

A

False

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13
Q

Which structure can be formed to have layers so that they can slide over eachother and can be used to make pencil leads?

A

Giant Covalent

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14
Q

Name three features of a Giant Metallic Structure

A

Strong intermolecular forces between positive and negative ions, free electrons allowing it to conduct well, layered structure to allow the metal to be bent and shaped.

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15
Q

Why are Alloys harder than pure metals?

A

The sizes of the atoms in alloys are mismatched so the layers do not slide so easily over each other.

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16
Q

Covalent compounds have a covalent lattice structure and conduct when melted or dissolved. True or False?

A

False

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17
Q

Ionic compounds have an Ionic lattice structure and conduct when melted or dissolved. True or False?

A

True

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18
Q

What groups of the periodic table are ions often from?

A

1, 2, 6 & 7

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19
Q

What varieties do Covalent substances come in?

A

simple molecular and giant covalent

20
Q

Do simple molecular structures have free ions?

A

No

21
Q

What are Ions?

A

Ions are electrically charged particles formed when atoms lose or gain electrons. This loss or gain leaves a complete highest energy level, so the electronic structure of an ion is the same as that of a noble gas - such as a helium, neon or argon.

22
Q

What type/types of atoms does Ionic bonding happen between?

A

A Metal and a Non-Metal.

23
Q

Which atom becomes Positively charged and which atom becomes Negatively charged in Ionic bonding?

A

Metal atoms lose the electron, or electrons, in their highest energy level and become positively charged ions
Non-metal atoms gain an electron, or electrons, from another atom to become negatively charged ions

24
Q

How do you know what number of charges an ion has?

A

The charge number is the number of electrons the ion has gained or lost. The positivty/negativity of that charge depends on whether those atoms where gained or lost.

25
Q

An atom loses an electron in Ionic bonding. Is it positively charged of negatively charged?

A

Positive.

26
Q

An atom gains an electron in Ionic bonding. Is it positively charged of negatively charged?

A

Negative.

27
Q

Why is there an electrostatic force between two oppositely charged ions?

A

Because opposite Ions attract each other to form an ionic bond.

28
Q

An Atom can only have one covalent bond. True or False?

A

False, unless the atom only has one electron of it’s own. Most atoms can form multiple covalent bonds with different atoms.

29
Q

What does it mean when a molecule has a Double Covalent bond?

A

They have two shared pairs of electrons.

30
Q

What does it mean when a molecule has a Triple Covalent bond?

A

They have three shared pairs of electrons.

31
Q

What happens when ice melts and becomes water?

A

The weak intermolecular forced between the H2O molecules break, but the strong covalent bonds stay together so while the substance itself doesn’t break down, it’s physical shape does.

32
Q

What kind of structure do macromolecules have?

A

Giant Covalent.

33
Q

How are giant covalent structures arranged?

A

In lattices

34
Q

Why is Nitinol used for making braces?

A

It can be bent to fit the mouth when cool but as the mouth warms up, it reverts back to it’s remembered original shape, pulling the teeth with it.

35
Q

What are SMART Materials?

A

Materials that behave differently to fit different conditions (e.g. temperature).

36
Q

What are Nanoparticles?

A

Tinier molecules of an atom with different properties to the full sized atom.

37
Q

Why are Nanoparticles used as catalysts?

A

They have a large surface area ratio meaning that reactions will be quicker as there will be more collisions between particles.

38
Q

What are Polymers?

A

Long chains of atoms, used to make plastics.

39
Q

Describe a polymer with weak intermolecular forces:

A

They come in tangled chains (like Spaghetti) and are thermosoftening (soften when heated). They can be melted and reshaped multiple times and have a low density - they are used to make flimsy plastics such as plastic bags or drinks bottles.

40
Q

Describe a polymer with strong intermolecular forces:

A

They appear in crosslinked chains and do not soften when heated (thermosetting). They are hard, strong and rigid and have a high density. They are used to make heat resistant handles on cookware or laminated worktops.

41
Q

Define Thermosoftening:

A

Something which melts or softens when heated.

42
Q

Define Thermosetting:

A

Something which does not melt or soften when heated, but instead retains it’s shape.

43
Q

Why are Titanium Dioxide nanoparticles used in Sun Cream?

A

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles are so small that they do not reflect visible light, so they cannot be seen. They are used in sunblock creams because they block harmful ultraviolet light from the Sun without appearing white on the skin.

44
Q

Why can pure metals be bent and shaped?

A

Metals are malleable - they can be bent and shaped. This is because they consist of layers of atoms. These layers can slide over one another when the metal is bent, hammered or pressed.

45
Q

What are shape memory alloys?

A

Shape memory alloys can return to their original shape after being bent or twisted. Nitinol is a shape memory alloy made from nickel and titanium. It is used in dental braces and spectacle frames.

46
Q

What are Fullerenes?

A

These are cages and tubes with different number of carbon atoms. Buckminsterfullerene is one type of fullerene. Its molecules are spherical and contain 60 carbon atoms.
Fullerenes may be used for drug delivery systems in the body, in lubricants and as catalysts.

Chemistry GCSE Further and Additional (1 decks)

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