Bonding

Question 1

Define ionic bonding

Answer 1

Ionic binding is the electrostatic force of attraction between oppositely charged ions formed by electron transferring

Question 2

When is ionic binding stronger and the melting points higher

Answer 2

When the ions are smaller and or have higher charges

Question 3

Within a group how does the size of the ionic radii change and why

Answer 3

It increases down the group. Because as one goes down the group the ions have more shells of electrons

Question 5

Definition of covalent bond

Answer 5

A covalent bond is a shared pair of electrons

Question 6

When does a dative covalent bond form and what is it also called

Answer 6

When the shared pair of electrons in the covalent bind come from only one of the binding atoms. Also called co-ordinate bonding

Question 7

Define metallic bonding

Answer 7

The electrostatic force of attraction between the positive metal ions and the delocalised electrons

Question 8

What are the 3 main factors that affect the strength of a metallic bond?

Answer 8

1. Strength of nuclear attraction / n° of protons. More protons stronger bonds
2. Number of delocalised electrons per atom (outlet shell electrons are delocalised) more delocalised electrons stronger bonds
3. Size of ions. The smaller the ion stronger bonds.

Question 9

How do you explain the shape of a molecule

Answer 9

1. State number of b.p. and l.p
2. State that electron pairs repel and try to get as far as possible
3. Of no lone pairs state electrons repel equally
4. If there are lone pairs state the l.p repel more than the binding pairs
5. State actual shape and bind angle

Question 10

When does a permanent dipole form

Answer 10

When the elements in the bond have different electronegativities