Bonding Flashcards
What are the three types of chemical bonding?
Ionic, covalent, and metallic.
What happens in ionic bonding?
Electrons are transferred from a metal to a non-metal, forming charged ions.
Why do ionic compounds have high melting points?
Strong electrostatic forces between oppositely charged ions require a lot of energy to break.
What happens in covalent bonding?
Atoms share electrons to achieve a full outer shell.
Why do simple covalent molecules have low melting points?
They have weak intermolecular forces, which require little energy to overcome.
What is a giant covalent structure?
A structure with many covalently bonded atoms in a repeating network (e.g., diamond, graphite).
Why does graphite conduct electricity but diamond does not?
Graphite has free-moving delocalized electrons, while diamond has none.
What is metallic bonding?
A structure where positive metal ions are surrounded by a sea of delocalized electrons.
Why are metals good conductors?
Their delocalized electrons move freely and carry charge.
Why are alloys harder than pure metals?
Different-sized atoms disrupt layers, making it harder for them to slide.
What are the properties of ionic compounds?
High melting points, soluble in water, conduct electricity when molten or dissolved.
Why do metals have high melting points?
Strong electrostatic attraction between positive ions and delocalized electrons.
What is a dative covalent bond?
A covalent bond where both electrons come from one atom.
What is a polar covalent bond?
A bond where electrons are shared unequally due to differences in electronegativity.
Why does diamond have a high melting point?
Each carbon forms four strong covalent bonds in a giant structure.
What is the structure of silicon dioxide?
A giant covalent structure similar to diamond.
Why are ionic compounds brittle?
When layers shift, like charges repel, causing the structure to break.
What is a molecular formula?
The actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule.
What is an empirical formula?
The simplest whole-number ratio of atoms in a compound.
Why do covalent molecules not conduct electricity?
They have no free-moving charged particles.
What is a hydrogen bond?
A strong intermolecular force between hydrogen and highly electronegative atoms like oxygen.
Why does water have a high boiling point?
Strong hydrogen bonding between molecules.
What is the octet rule?
Atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons to get a full outer shell.
What is the coordination number in an ionic lattice?
The number of oppositely charged ions surrounding an ion.
