Bonding

Question 1

what is ionic bonding

Answer 1

strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions

Question 2

what are the properties of ionic bonds

Answer 2

conduct electricity when melted or in solution
high melting points
second strongest structure and bond

Question 3

what is a covalent bond

Answer 3

shared pair of electrons

Question 4

what is a covalent lattice

Answer 4

many strong covalent bonds (shared pair of electrons)

Question 5

what is a dative covalent bond

Answer 5

shared pair of electrons with both electrons supplied by one atom

Question 6

properties of covalent bonds

Answer 6

strongest structure and bond
don’t conduct electricity apart from graphite (has delocalised electrons and van der waals forces)

Question 7

what are metallic bonds

Answer 7

strong electrostatic forces of attraction between delocalised electrons and positively charged ions.

Question 8

properties of metallic bonds

Answer 8

conduct electricity
have high melting points
ductile and malleable
third strongest structure and bond

Question 9

what do lone and bonding pairs do to each other

Answer 9

repel each other
lone pairs repel 2-2.5 degrees more than bp

Question 10

name, drawing and bond angle with 2bp 0lp

Answer 10

Question 11

name, drawing and bond angle with3bp 0lp

Answer 11

Question 12

name, drawing and bond angle with4bp 0lp

Answer 12

Question 13

name, drawing and bond angle with3bp 1lp

Answer 13

Question 14

name, drawing and bond angle with2bp 2lp

Answer 14

Question 15

name, drawing and bond angle with5bp 0lp

Answer 15

Question 16

name, drawing and bond angle with6bp 0lp

Answer 16

Question 17

name, drawing and bond angle with4bp 2lp

Answer 17

Question 18

name, drawing and bond angle with 4bp 0lp (nickel, platinum and pallidium)

Answer 18

Question 19

what is electronegativity

Answer 19

ability of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons in a covalent bond

Question 20

what affects electronegativity

Answer 20

atomic radius and number of protons

Question 21

what element is most electronegative

Answer 21

fluorine

Question 22

what are polar bonds

Answer 22

bonds that have a permanent uneven distribution of electron density caused by a large difference in electronegativity

Question 23

what causes symmetrical molecules

Answer 23

the electronegative elements pull in equal and opposite directions so cancel out

Question 24

what does d+ mean

Answer 24

positive charge
less electron density
less electronegative

Question 25

what is hydrogen bonding

Answer 25

the electrostatic attraction in a hydrogen bond is between the lone pair on the N/O/F and the d+ hydrogen is between molecules * strongest intermolecular foce

Question 26

what causes permanent dipole-dipole forces

Answer 26

large differnce in electronegativity between two elements in a covalent bond * second strongest intermolecular force

Question 27

what bond does permanent dipole-dipole forces create

Answer 27

polar bonds where one of the elements usually N/O/F/Cl id d- as they are more electronegative and the less electronegative element is d+

Question 28

what are van der waal forces and how are the caused

Answer 28

caused by a random movement of electrons causing a temporary dipole in that molecule (with a d- and d+) the partial charge causes electron density to be attracted/repelled in other nearby molecules which induces a dipole

Question 29

properties of vdw forces

Answer 29

weakest intermolecular forces larger the surface area the stronger the intermolecular force large molecules vdw's forces are stronger between molecules

Question 30

order melting point from highest to lowest

Answer 30

- diamond graphite as they are giant covalent lattices bonds to break - metal and non metal is a giant ionic lattice forces of attraction to overcome - metals are giant metallic lattices forces of attraction to overcome *2 or more non metals bonded together are simple molecular forces of attraction between molecules to overcome - hydrogen bonding - permanent dipole dipole - van der waals

Question 31

what does d- mean

Answer 31

negative charge more electron density more electronegative