Bonding

Question 1

What is ionic bonding?

Answer 1

The electrostatic attraction between the positive and negative ion.

Question 2

How do ions attract?

Answer 2

They attract oppositely charged ions in all directions

Question 3

What does this attraction result in?

Answer 3

A giant ionic lattice

Question 4

What are the properties of giant ionic lattices?

Answer 4

1. High melting and boiling point
2. Electrical conductivity
3. Solubility

Question 5

What is the melting point of giant ionic lattices?

Answer 5

High melting and boiling points in order to overcome the strong electrostatic forces of attraction. They are solids at room temperature so high melting points are needed.

Question 6

What is the solubility of giant ionic substances?

Answer 6

They tend to dissolve in polar substances

Question 7

What is the electrical conductivity of giant ionic substances?

Answer 7

When solid it does not conduct electricity however when they are melted or dissolved they will conduct electricity as there are delocalized electrons.

Question 8

What is covalent bonding?

Answer 8

Strong electrostatic attraction between a shared pair of electrons and the nucleus

Question 9

What is a dative covalent bond?

Answer 9

The shared pair of electrons have been supplied by one of the bonded atoms only.

Question 10

What does the average bond enthalpy states about covalent bonding?

Answer 10

The larger the value of bond enthalpy the stronger the covalent bond

Question 11

What is a covalent bond a result of ?

Answer 11

Overlap of orbitals

Question 12

What lattices can covalent bonds exist as ?

Answer 12

1.Simple molecular lattice
2.Giant covalent lattice

Question 13

What are the properties of giant covalent lattices?

Answer 13

1.They have strong covalent bonds
2. Melting and boiling points are high due to these strong electrostatic bonds
3. Cannot conduct electricity as there are no delocalized electrons expect graphite
4. They are insoluble as the bonds are too strong to be broken

Question 14

What are the properties of simple molecular lattices ?

Answer 14

1. They are held by weak intermolecular forces
   2.Low melting and boiling points due to weak London forces
   3.Can conduct electricity due to delocalized electrons
2. Are able to dissolve in polar substances

Question 15

Which molecules have covalent bonding ?

Answer 15

1. Diamond
2. Silicon
3. Graphene
4. Graphite

Question 16

What are the properties and structure of diamond?

Answer 16

1. Each carbon is bonded to 4 carbon atoms
2. Does not conduct electricity
3. The bonds are strong so it will need a lot of energy to overcome

Question 17

What are the structure and properties of graphite?

Answer 17

1. Layered structure
2. Hexagonal rings of carbon joined together
3. Soft and slippery
4. Can be sliced due to weak London forces which means the layers can slide over each other

Question 18

What are the properties and structure of graphene?

Answer 18

1. Sigle layer of graphite
2. Very strong and flexible
3. Conducts electricity
4. Can be used in electronics

Question 19

What is meant by metallic bonding?

Answer 19

Attraction between the positive ion and a sea of delocalized electrons