Bonding Flashcards
1
Q
What is ionic bonding?
A
- The electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions. This type of bonding holds positive and negative ions together in ionic compounds.
2
Q
What is a giant ionic lattice?
A
- The structure of ionic compounds, each ion is surrounded by oppositely charged ions, forming a giant ionic lattice.
3
Q
What are the properties of ionic compounds?
A
- solid at room temperature
- many ionic compounds dissolve in polar solvents
- ionic compounds do not conduct electricity when solid but does conduct electricity when melted/dissolved
4
Q
Explain why ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points.
A
- Ionic compounds have high melting and boiling pints because high temperatures are needed to provide sufficient energy in oder to overcome the strong electrostatic forces of attraction between the oppositely charged ions.
5
Q
What is covalent bonding?
A
- The strong electrostatic attraction between a shared pair of electrons and nuclei of bonded atoms.
6
Q
What does covalent bonding occur in?
A
- non-metallic elements
- compounds of non-metallic elements
- polyatomic ions
7
Q
What are the key features of covalent bonding?
A
- shares a pair of electrons between two atoms
8
Q
What is a double covalent bond?
A
- The electrostatic attraction between two shared pairs of electrons and the nuclei of the bonding atoms.
9
Q
What is a dative covalent bond and what is another name for this?
A
- Covalent bond in which the shared pair of electrons have been supplied by one of the bonding atoms.
10
Q
What is metallic bonding?
A
- the strong electrostatic forces of attraction between cations and delocalised electrons.
11
Q
What is a constant property of all metals?
A
- their ability to conduct electricity (in both solids and liquids)
12
Q
What are the properties of giant covalent structure?
A
- high melting and boiling point -more energy required to overcome the covalent bonds within the structure
- insoluble in most solvents
- non-conductors of electricity, apart from graphene and graphite.
13
Q
Why does metallic bonding enable metals to conduct electricity?
A
- because the delocalised electrons can move across a potential difference.
14
Q
Properties of simple molecular substances
A
- usually has a low melting and boiling point because of the weak electrostatic forces of attraction between the molecules, so less energy is needed to overcome this.
- does NOT conduct electricity because there are no delocalised electrons.
15
Q
Properties of monoatomic substances
A
- low melting and boiling points
