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chemistry - physical > bonding > Flashcards

bonding Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the 3 main types of bonding?

A

covalent, ionic and metallic

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2
Q

what types of atom is ionic bonding between?

A

metal and non metal

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3
Q

what is ionic bonding?

A

the electrostatic force of attraction between oppositely charge ions

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4
Q

what structure do ionically bonded compounds form?

A

giant ionic lattice

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5
Q

what is an anion?

A

a negative ion

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6
Q

what is a cation?

A

a positive ion

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7
Q

what two factors affect the strength of ionic bonds?

A

size of the ions
charge of the ions

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8
Q

how does the size of an ion affect the strength of the ionic bond?

A

the smaller the ion, the stronger the attraction

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9
Q

how does the charge of ions affect the strength of the ionic bond?

A

the greater the charge difference, the stronger the ionic bond

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10
Q

what are the properties of ionic compounds?

A

conduct electricity
high melting point
suluble

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11
Q

why do ionic compounds conduct?

A

if MOLTEN OR DISSOLVED the ions are free to move and carry charge

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12
Q

why do ionic compounds have a high melting point?

A

strong electrostatic forces of attraction need a lot of energy to overcome

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13
Q

why are ionic compounds usually soluble in water?

A

water molecules pull ions away from the lattice causing it to dissolve

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14
Q

what type of atoms is covalent bonding between?

A

non metal + non metal

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15
Q

what is covalent bonding?

A

a shared pair of electrons

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16
Q

what is co-ordinate bonding?

A

when both the electrons come from the same species
the lone pair of electrons on an atom are donated

17
Q

what is the shape of a molecular ion when it has 2 electron pairs?

A

linear

18
Q

what is the bond angle of a linear molecule?

A

180

19
Q

what is the shape of a molecular ion when it has 3 electron pairs?

A

trigonal planar

20
Q

what is the bond angle of a trigonal planar molecule?

A

120

21
Q

what is the shape of a molecular ion when it has 4 electron pairs?

A

tetrahedral

22
Q

what is the bond angle of a tetrahedral molecule?

A

109.5

23
Q

what is the shape of a molecular ion when it has 5 electron pairs?

A

trigonal bipyramidal

24
Q

what are the bond angles of a trigonal bipyramidal molecule?

A

90 , 120

25
Q

what is the shape of a molecular ion when it has 6 electron pairs?

A

octahedral

26
Q

what is the bond angle of an octahedral molecule?

A

90

27
Q

what is electronegativity?

A

the power of an atom to attract the electrons in a covalent bond

28
Q

what factors affect electronegativity?

A

nuclear charge
atomic radius
shielding

29
Q

how does nuclear charge affect electronegativity?

A

bigger charge = more attraction

30
Q

how does atomic radius affect electronegativity?

A

smaller radius = more attraction

31
Q

how does shielding affect electronegativity?

A

less shells = less shielding = more attraction

32
Q

what are the trends in electronegativity in the periodic table?

A

increases ACROSS a period
increases UP a group

33
Q

why does electronegativity decrease across a group?

A
  • atomic structure increases so more shielding which means less attraction between nucleus and bonding pair
34
Q

why does electronegativity increase across a period?

A

atomic radius decreases
more nuclear charge
so stronger attraction

35
Q

what is a polar covalent bond?

A

covalent bond where the atoms are not shared equally

36
Q

when does a polar bond happen?

A

when two atoms in a covalent bond have a different electronegativity

37
Q

what are the three types of intermolecular forces?

A

van der waals
permanent dipole dipole
hydrogen bonding

chemistry - physical (10 decks)

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