Bonding

Question 1

Atoms, elements, compounds and melecules

Answer 1

• atoms = smallest unit of an element
• atoms can be different elements
• atoms join up to form a molecule
• more than two types of elements is called a compound
• when atoms join up it forms a chemical bond

Question 2

Ions

Answer 2

• a charged particle
• is charged when it gains or loses an electron
• ions are imbalanced
• Positive ion = Cation
• Negative ion = Anion

Question 3

Nobel gases

Answer 3

• do not form bonds
• they are very stable
• exists as monatomic (one atom)

Question 4

Types of Bonds

Answer 4

• Metallic is formed between metal atoms
• Ionic Bonds are formed between metal and non-metal atoms
• Covalent bonds are formed between non-metal atoms

Question 5

Metallic Bonding

Answer 5

• they have a weak hold on their valence electrons (usually far away from the nucleus)
• they can easily leave the atom resulting in a positively charged atom (cation). This is because they are a metal and want to get rid of an electrong instead of gaining.
• when bonded, a lattice structure with delocalised (free/loose) electrons is formed.
• opposite charges attract
• great at conducting electricity

Question 6

Ionic Bonding

Answer 6

• main goal is to obtain a full outer shell
• forms between a metal and a non-metal
• metal wants to lose electrons
• non-metal wants to gain electrons
• metal gives electrons to non-metal, resulting in a positive metal ion (cation) and a negative non-metal ion (anion)

Question 7

Covalent Bonding

Answer 7

• between two non-metal atoms
• non-metal atoms share electrons
• obtains a full outer shell
• shared electrons are called bonding electrons pairs

Question 8

Properties of an Ionic Compound

Answer 8

• usually solid at room temperature
• have a high melting and boiling point
• dissolve in water to form aqueous solutions
• can conduct electricity

Question 9

Properties of Covalent Compounds

Answer 9

• exists as solids, liquids or gases.
• low melting and boiling point
• do not conduct electricity (no charged particles present)
• usually insoluble in water

Question 10

Bent

Answer 10

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• two bonding pairs of electrons
• two lone pairs of electrons
• e.g, H2O

Question 11

Linear

Answer 11

• -
• two bonding pairs of electrons
• e.g, BeCl2 and CO2

Question 12

Trigonal Planar

Answer 12

• three bonding pairs
• e.g, CO2^2-
• ,’,

Question 13

Trigonal Pyramidal

Answer 13

• three bonding pairs and one lone pair of electrons
• NH3
• looks like Trigonal Planar but is tilted downwards from the center

Question 14

Tetrahedral

Answer 14

• four bonding pairs
• e.g, CH4