bonding

Question 1

what is a symbol for nitrate ion

Answer 1

NO3-

Question 2

what is the symbol for a ammonium ion

Answer 2

NH4+

Question 3

what is the symbol for a sulfate ion

Answer 3

SO4 2-

Question 4

what is the symbol for a carbonate ion

Answer 4

CO3 2-

Question 5

what are the steps to working out the formula of an ionic compound

Answer 5

1- write the 2 ions
2- swap the charges
3- drop the charges
4- simplify to the whole number ratio

Question 6

workout the formula for this

Ca2- and O2+

Answer 6

Ca2+ and O2-
Ca2 and O2
Ca2O2

Question 7

what is a giant ionic structure like

Answer 7

regular cubic shape
giant repeating pattern

Question 8

why do ionic compounds have high melting points

Answer 8

strong electrostatic forces of attraction and requires lots of energy to overcome

Question 9

where is the electrostatic attraction in a covalent bond

Answer 9

between the shared electrons and the nucleus

Question 10

what is a Dative covalent bond

Answer 10

when one atom donates 2 electrons to form a bond

Question 11

what usually represents a dative covalent bond

Answer 11

an arrow

Question 12

describe the structure of graphite

Answer 12

each carbon bonded 3 times with 4th electron delocalised

layers which can slide over each other

Question 13

why can graphite conduct electricity

Answer 13

delocalised electrons between the layers which can carry a charge

Question 14

describe the properties of graphite

Answer 14

can conduct electricity

insoluble as covalent bonds too strong to break

layers are far apart so low density

Question 15

why can diamond conduct heat well

Answer 15

its tightly packed and rigid

Question 16

why cant diamond conduct electricity

Answer 16

no delocalised electrons

Question 17

what do lone pairs do to bonding pairs

Answer 17

push them closer together

Question 18

how many bond pairs and lone pairs does a linear shape have

whats the bond angle

Answer 18

2 bond pairs 0 lone

180

Question 19

how many bond pairs and lone pairs does a trigonal planar have

whats the bond angle

Answer 19

3 bond pairs 0 lone

120

Question 20

how many bond pairs and lone pairs does a tetrahedral have

whats the bond angle

Answer 20

4 bond pairs 0 lone

109.5

Question 21

how many bond pairs and lone pairs does a
trigonal bipyramidal have

whats the bond angle

Answer 21

5 bond pairs 0 lone

90 and 120

Question 22

how many bond pairs and lone pairs does a octahedral have

whats the bond angle

Answer 22

6 bond pairs 0 lone

90

Question 23

how many bond pairs and lone pairs does a pyramidal shape have

whats the bond angle

Answer 23

3 bonded 1 lone

107

Question 24

how many bond pairs and lone pairs does a bent molecule have

whats the bond angle

Answer 24

2 bonded 2 lone

104.5

Question 25

how many bond pairs and lone pairs does a trigonal planar have whats the bond angle

Answer 25

3 bonded and 2 lone 120

Question 26

how many bond pairs and lone pairs does a square planar have whats the bond angle

Answer 26

4 bonded and 2 lone 90

Question 27

what is electronegativity

Answer 27

the ability for an atom to attract electrons toward itself in a covalent bond

Question 28

how does electronegativity change as you go across the periods

Answer 28

it increases

Question 29

how does electronegativity change down the groups

Answer 29

decreases

Question 30

describe the trend of electronegativity on the periodic table as a whole what does this exclude

Answer 30

the further up and right you go the more electronegative the element is the noble gases

Question 31

when do covalent bonds become polar

Answer 31

when atoms attached to it have a difference in electronegativity

Question 32

the bigger the difference in electronegativity the more what

Answer 32

the more polar the bond will be

Question 33

atoms with the same electronegativity are not what

Answer 33

polar

Question 34

what are van der waals

Answer 34

weak forces that exist between atoms and molecules

Question 35

van der waals are w----

Answer 35

weak

Question 36

when do temporary dipoles form

Answer 36

when 2 molecules are near by and electrons are unevenly distributed

Question 37

what determines how many van der waals the atom has

Answer 37

how big the molecule or atom is

Question 38

why do long straight chain hydrocarbons have higher boiling points

Answer 38

they have more van der waals which need breaking

Question 39

what is a dipole dipole

Answer 39

weak electrostatic force within polar molecules

Question 40

why are dipole dipoles strong

Answer 40

they are permanent

Question 41

why are dipole dipoles strong

Answer 41

they are permanent

Question 42

when is hydrogen bonding strongest

Answer 42

when u have very electronegative elements

Question 43

when does hydrogen bonding occur

Answer 43

when one molecule of hydrogen forms a bond with a lone pair of nitrogen, oxygen or fluorine

Question 44

describe the structure of metals

Answer 44

giant metallic lattice structures

Question 45

the more atoms a metal can donate the what

Answer 45

higher the melting point

Question 46

what kind of crystal structure does iodine have

Answer 46

molecular

Question 47

what kind of crystal structure does graphite have

Answer 47

giant covalent lattice

Question 48

describe the structure and bonds of graphite

Answer 48

layers of carbon atoms van der waals between layers strong covalent bonds

Question 49

why does something like iodine vaporize when heated

Answer 49

van der walls are weak van der walls between molecules

Question 50

define electronegativity

Answer 50

the ability to attract shared electrons to an atom in a covalent bond

Question 51

why does sulfur having a higher melting point then phosphorus

Answer 51

sulfur is larger so more energy is needed to break molecules

Question 52

why are argons van der walls weak

Answer 52

argon exists as a single atom so cannot be easily broken

Question 53

why is the bonding of nitrogen oxide covalent instead of ionic

Answer 53

small difference in electronegativity