Bonding

Question 1

What is Ionic Bonding ?

Answer 1

Ionic bonding occurs between a metal and a non - metal . Electrons transferred to create full outer shells . Therefore the ions held together by electrostatic forces - creates lattices

Question 2

What is covalent bonding ?

Answer 2

Forms between 2 meals . Share electrons in order to gain a full outer shell
Sigma Bond - single bond
Pie Bond - Double bond

Question 3

What is Dative Bonding ?

Answer 3

It contains a shared pair of electrons with both electrons supplied by 1 atom . we can represent this in dot and cross with an arrow

Question 4

What is Metalic Bonding ?

Answer 4

It is a lattice of positively charged ions surrounded by a “sea” of delocalised electrons . Produces strong electrostatic forces of attraction between these oppositely charged particles .

Question 5

Describe the Ionic crystal structure

Answer 5

Ionic - Very high melting and boiling point due to opposite electrostatic charges requiring a lot of energy to overcome .
Can conduct electricity in Molten or solution state because they are free to move . They are Brittle

Question 6

Describe Metalic crystal structures

Answer 6

Good conductors - sea of delocalised electrons can carry a charge
Also malleable as layers able to slide over one another
Often have high melting points due to electrostatic forces between oppositely charged particles

Question 7

Describe Macromolecular Crystal structures

Answer 7

Structures that are covalently bonded to form giant lattice structure . Substance has a very high melting point .

Eg . Diamond - rigid , hardest substances known

Graphite - Arranged in flat sheets and can conduct electricity due to free electrons

Question 8

Describe Molecular Crystal structures

Answer 8

Covalently bonded molecules held with weak van de Waals forces therefore holding them in a structure .

Van De Waals forces are very weak therefore low melting point .

Poor conductors of electricity as there are no charged particles .

Question 9

What is Electronegativity.

Answer 9

The ability of an atom to attract a pair of electrons in a covalent bond

It increases as we go to the top right of periodic table

Question 10

What are the factors affecting Electronegativity

Answer 10

The size of charge - more protons = higher attraction

Atomic radius - smaller the radius closing bonding from electron to nucleus

Shielding of nucleus