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History - Russia > Bolshevik consolidation of power 1918-24 > Flashcards

Bolshevik consolidation of power 1918-24 Flashcards

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1
Q

What was Trotsky appointed as after the revolution?

A

Commissar for War

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2
Q

What negotiations did Trotsky lead?

A

The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

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3
Q

What did Trotsky form in 1918?

A

the Red Army

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4
Q

How many troops were in the Red Army by 1921?

A

5 million

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5
Q

What was Trotsky prepared to use?

A

Tsarist officers of proven quality

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6
Q

What did Trotsky do to provide powerful leadership?

A

he toured all the fronts in his armoured train

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7
Q

Name 3 forces Trotsky fought against in 1919

A

Denikin, Kolchak and Yudenich

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8
Q

What did Trotsky suppress in 1921?

A

The Kronstadt Mutiny in 1921

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9
Q

How did Lenin outwit the SRs in January 1918?

A

he dissolved the Constituent Assembly

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10
Q

How did Lenin rule?

A

by decree

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11
Q

What are 3 main decrees of Lenin?

A

Land Decree, Workers Control Decree and the Rights of the People of Russia Decree

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12
Q

What was one tool Lenin used to help him rule?

A

the CHEKA

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13
Q

What was Lenin’s first economic policy?

A

War Communism

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14
Q

What did War Communism provide?

A

essential food and supplies for the troops

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15
Q

When was NEP introduced?

A

1921

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16
Q

What did NEP allow Lenin to do?

A

to quell internal opposition

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17
Q

What were 3 of the main features of War Communism?

A
  1. Grain Requisitioning
  2. Ban of private trade
  3. Nationalisation of industry
  4. Labour discipline
  5. Rationing
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18
Q

What was set up in 1918 to do with grain requisitioning?

A

a Food Supplies Dictatorship

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19
Q

What was the Food Supplies Dictatorship?

A

It was set up ti establish the forcible requisitioning of grain as the standard policy

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20
Q

How did the peasants react to the Food Supplies Dictatorship?

A

the peasants resisted bitterly

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21
Q

What did the banning of private trade mean in War Communism?

A

all private trade and manufacture were banned

22
Q

What developed as a result of the ban of private trade?

A

a huge black marked developed, without which most people could not have survived

23
Q

What did the Nationalisation of Industry mean in War Communism?

A

all industry was brought under state control and administered by the Supreme Council of National Economy

24
Q

What was the Supreme Council of national Economy known as?

A

Vesenkha

25
Q

What were worker’s committees replaced by under the nationalisation of industry?

A

replaced by single managers reporting to central authorities

26
Q

Why were not all worker’s against nationalisation of industry?

A

faced with the closure of their factory, they were desperate to keep their jobs

27
Q

What was introduced with the labour discipline of War Communism?

A
  • fines for lateness and absenteeism
  • internal passports introduced
  • piece-work rates were brought back
  • bonuses and a work book which was needed to get rations
28
Q

Who were the smallest rations given to in War Com.?

A

the burzhui or middle classes

29
Q

What were the middle classes referred to in War Communism?

A

‘the former people’

30
Q

What was the element of War Communism used to deal with opposition?

A

Red Terror

31
Q

When were the Tsar and his family shot?

A

17th July 1918

32
Q

How were the royal family killed?

A

Shot and their bodies drenched in acid then thrown into a mine shaft - later buried

33
Q

What is the recorded figure for deaths from the Cheka 1918-2-

A

nearly 15,000

34
Q

what is the real figure closer to?

A

500,000

35
Q

What did NEP allow?

A

private trade

36
Q

How long was NEP meant to last?

A

it was always meant to be a temporary measure

37
Q

How much did cereal production increase by compared to 1920?

A

23%

38
Q

How much did factory output rise by?

A

200%

39
Q

What was the average monthly wage of an urban worker in 1921?

A

10.2 roubles

40
Q

What was the average monthly wage of an urban worker in 1923?

A

15.9 roubles

41
Q

What else saw a rise in output?

A

Coal, steel, finished cloth and electricity

42
Q

How much had grain production risen by in comparison to 1920?

A

over 25%

43
Q

How many hectares of land was farmed in 1922?

A

77.7 million hectares

44
Q

How many hectares of land was farmed in 1923?

A

91.7 million hectares

45
Q

How many hectares of land was farmed in 1921?

A

90.3 million hectares

46
Q

How much of the retail trade was handled by NEPMEN by 1923?

A

3/4

47
Q

How may private traders in Moscow alone

A

25,000

48
Q

By 1928, how many tons of grain short ws the USSR to feed the towns?

A

20 million tons

49
Q

When was the Scissors Crisis?

A

1923

50
Q

How would NEP be described?

A

it helped to stabilise Russia, but was not a long-term solution

History - Russia (8 decks)

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