Bolshevik consolidation of power 1918-24

Question 1

What was Trotsky appointed as after the revolution?

Answer 1

Commissar for War

Question 2

What negotiations did Trotsky lead?

Answer 2

The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

Question 3

What did Trotsky form in 1918?

Answer 3

the Red Army

Question 4

How many troops were in the Red Army by 1921?

Answer 4

5 million

Question 5

What was Trotsky prepared to use?

Answer 5

Tsarist officers of proven quality

Question 6

What did Trotsky do to provide powerful leadership?

Answer 6

he toured all the fronts in his armoured train

Question 7

Name 3 forces Trotsky fought against in 1919

Answer 7

Denikin, Kolchak and Yudenich

Question 8

What did Trotsky suppress in 1921?

Answer 8

The Kronstadt Mutiny in 1921

Question 9

How did Lenin outwit the SRs in January 1918?

Answer 9

he dissolved the Constituent Assembly

Question 10

How did Lenin rule?

Answer 10

by decree

Question 11

What are 3 main decrees of Lenin?

Answer 11

Land Decree, Workers Control Decree and the Rights of the People of Russia Decree

Question 12

What was one tool Lenin used to help him rule?

Answer 12

the CHEKA

Question 13

What was Lenin’s first economic policy?

Answer 13

War Communism

Question 14

What did War Communism provide?

Answer 14

essential food and supplies for the troops

Question 15

When was NEP introduced?

Answer 15

1921

Question 16

What did NEP allow Lenin to do?

Answer 16

to quell internal opposition

Question 17

What were 3 of the main features of War Communism?

Answer 17

1. Grain Requisitioning
2. Ban of private trade
3. Nationalisation of industry
4. Labour discipline
5. Rationing

Question 18

What was set up in 1918 to do with grain requisitioning?

Answer 18

a Food Supplies Dictatorship

Question 19

What was the Food Supplies Dictatorship?

Answer 19

It was set up ti establish the forcible requisitioning of grain as the standard policy

Question 20

How did the peasants react to the Food Supplies Dictatorship?

Answer 20

the peasants resisted bitterly

Question 21

What did the banning of private trade mean in War Communism?

Answer 21

all private trade and manufacture were banned

Question 22

What developed as a result of the ban of private trade?

Answer 22

a huge black marked developed, without which most people could not have survived

Question 23

What did the Nationalisation of Industry mean in War Communism?

Answer 23

all industry was brought under state control and administered by the Supreme Council of National Economy

Question 24

What was the Supreme Council of national Economy known as?

Answer 24

Vesenkha

Question 25

What were worker's committees replaced by under the nationalisation of industry?

Answer 25

replaced by single managers reporting to central authorities

Question 26

Why were not all worker's against nationalisation of industry?

Answer 26

faced with the closure of their factory, they were desperate to keep their jobs

Question 27

What was introduced with the labour discipline of War Communism?

Answer 27

- fines for lateness and absenteeism - internal passports introduced - piece-work rates were brought back - bonuses and a work book which was needed to get rations

Question 28

Who were the smallest rations given to in War Com.?

Answer 28

the burzhui or middle classes

Question 29

What were the middle classes referred to in War Communism?

Answer 29

'the former people'

Question 30

What was the element of War Communism used to deal with opposition?

Answer 30

Red Terror

Question 31

When were the Tsar and his family shot?

Answer 31

17th July 1918

Question 32

How were the royal family killed?

Answer 32

Shot and their bodies drenched in acid then thrown into a mine shaft - later buried

Question 33

What is the recorded figure for deaths from the Cheka 1918-2-

Answer 33

nearly 15,000

Question 34

what is the real figure closer to?

Answer 34

500,000

Question 35

What did NEP allow?

Answer 35

private trade

Question 36

How long was NEP meant to last?

Answer 36

it was always meant to be a temporary measure

Question 37

How much did cereal production increase by compared to 1920?

Answer 37

23%

Question 38

How much did factory output rise by?

Answer 38

200%

Question 39

What was the average monthly wage of an urban worker in 1921?

Answer 39

10.2 roubles

Question 40

What was the average monthly wage of an urban worker in 1923?

Answer 40

15.9 roubles

Question 41

What else saw a rise in output?

Answer 41

Coal, steel, finished cloth and electricity

Question 42

How much had grain production risen by in comparison to 1920?

Answer 42

over 25%

Question 43

How many hectares of land was farmed in 1922?

Answer 43

77.7 million hectares

Question 44

How many hectares of land was farmed in 1923?

Answer 44

91.7 million hectares

Question 45

How many hectares of land was farmed in 1921?

Answer 45

90.3 million hectares

Question 46

How much of the retail trade was handled by NEPMEN by 1923?

Answer 46

3/4

Question 47

How may private traders in Moscow alone

Answer 47

25,000

Question 48

By 1928, how many tons of grain short ws the USSR to feed the towns?

Answer 48

20 million tons

Question 49

When was the Scissors Crisis?

Answer 49

1923

Question 50

How would NEP be described?

Answer 50

it helped to stabilise Russia, but was not a long-term solution