Bold Terms Flashcards
species
A group of organisms that look-alike and can interbreed under natural conditions to produce fertile offspring
Binomial nomenclature
A method of naming organisms by using two names the genus name and the species name. scientific names are italicized.
Taxa
Categories used to classify organisms
Protista
The kingdom that used to be for unicellular organisms such as in amoeba. more recently multicellular algae have been added to the kingdom
Mo era
In the five kingdoms system the kingdom that includes organisms that lack a true nucleus
Archaebacteria
Their prokaryotic, their heterotrophs they live in Salt Lake’s, Hot Springs and animal guts
Eubacteria
Simple organisms lacking nuclei, prokaryotic,either heterotrophs for autotrophs, all can reproduce asexually, they live nearly everywhere
Example bacteria and cyanobacteria
Phylogeny
The history of the evolution of the species or group of organisms
Fungi
Most are multicellular all are heterotrophic reproduce sexually and asexually most live on land they have a cell wall example is mushroom yeast and bread mold
Plantae
All or multicellular all are autotrophs reproduce sexually and asexually most live on land they have a cell wall example are mosses, ferns, and flowering plants
Animalia
All are multicellular all are heterotrophs most reproduce sexually live in land and aquatic habitats they don't have a cell wall examples are sponges, worms,lobsters, starfish and humans
Viruses
Microscopic particles capable of reproducing only with in living cells
Capsid
The protective protein coat of viruses
Bacteriophages
The category of viruses that infect and destroy bacterial cells
Host range
The limited number of host species, tissues, or cells that a virus or other parasite can infect
Lysis
The distraction or bursting open of the cell when invading virus replicates in a bacterium many viruses are released
Lysogeny
The dormant state of a virus
A.S.A.R
A- attachment
S- synthesis
A- Assembly
R- release
Vaccines
Solutions that are prepared for viral components or inactivated viruses
Examples of human viral diseases
Chickenpox, smallpox, measles, rabies, aids
Gene therapy
When you remove the genes of a virus and insert normal ADA genes then you put it back into the cell the cell reproduces with the healthy genes
Common characteristics of archaebacteria and eubacteria
All are single celled celled
contain no membrane-bound organelle
cells have a single chromosome
cells reproduce asexually by binary fission
Obligate aerobes
Bacteria that require oxygen for respiration
Obligate anaerobes
Bacteria that conduct restoration processes in the absence of oxygen
Facultative anaerobes
Bacteria that prefer environments with oxygen but can live without oxygen
Endospores
Dormant cells of a bacilli bacteria contain genetic material encapsulated by a thick resistant cell wall. these forms of cells develop when environmental conditions become unfavourable
Harmful effects of bacteria examples
Clostridia- botulism, tetanus
Streptococci-strep throat, scarlet fever
Lactobacilli- spoiling of milk
Antibiotics
Chemicals produced synthetically or by microorganisms that inhabit the growth or destroy certain other microorganisms
Plant like protist
Euglenphyta- they live in freshwater, can take in solid food and reproduce asexually
Chrysophyta (Golden brown algae and diatoms)
This group is found in both freshwater and saltwater
they contain chlorophyll and are autotroph’s
many are flagellated and encased in shells or skeletons
diatoms the most abundant plantlike protests are not flagellated but are encased into thin silica valves or shells joined together
Phrrophyta (dinoflagellates)
Autotrophs contain chlorophyll and red pigment they’re important primary producers and a major component of the oceanic phytoplankton
Chlorophyta (green algae)
Some are unicellular some multicellular
Live mainly in freshwater but also moist solids and tropical seas
they are autotrophs and contain the pigment chlorophyll and carotene
Phaeophyta (brown algae)
Brown algae mainly live in colder seawater and include kelp and rockweed.
members of this phylum are multicellular autotrophic and contain the pigments chlorophyll and fucoxanthin
Rhodophyta (red algae)
Some red Algae live in freshwater but most inhabit warmer seawater
these multicellular organisms include Dulce and Irish Moss
red algae are autotrophic and include various pigments of chlorophyll, carotene and phycobilin
Animallike protests
K
Cysts
Cells and have a hardened protective covering on top of the cell membrane
Ectoplasm
I thin semirigid layer of the cytoplasm under the plasma membrane
Endoplasm
The fluid part of the cytoplasm that fills the inside of the cell
the endoplasm is responsible for an amoeba shape as it moves
