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Ap pscology > BOE test > Flashcards

BOE test Flashcards

1
Q

What is Hindsight Bias

A

when you think you knew something all along after the outcome has occurred

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2
Q

What is a Operational Definition

A

defines the variable in specific terms as to how it will be measured

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3
Q

What is a Case Study

A

A research design involving an in-depth and detailed examination of a single subject, or case, usually an individual or a small group.

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3
Q

What is a Naturalistic Observation

A

Naturalistic observation is a research method that involves observing subjects in their natural environment.

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4
Q

What is a Survey

A

A technique where questions are asked to subjects who report their own answers.

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5
Q

What is a Experimental Group

A

the group in an experiment that receives the variable being tested

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6
Q

What is a Population

A

the entire group of individuals about which we want information

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6
Q

What is a Random Sample

A

every member of a population has the same chance of being selected for study.

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7
Q

What is a Representative Sample

A

a sample that most clearly mirrors the population that is being studied

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7
Q

What is a Control Group

A

the set that does not receive the variable and is used as a benchmark to measure how other tested subjects do.

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8
Q

What is a Convenience Sample

A

Using a group of participants not randomly selected but invited to participate because they are easily contactable.

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9
Q

What is a Random Assignment

A

every participant having an equal chance of being in either the experimental group or the control group

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10
Q

What is a Double-Blind Procedure

A

when neither the participant in the study nor the person giving the study know who is the control group and who is in the experimental group

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11
Q

What is a Placebo

A

a treatment that appears real, but is designed to have no therapeutic benefit.

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12
Q

What is a Independent Variable

A

the characteristic of an experiment that is manipulated or changed by researchers, not by other variables in the experiment.

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13
Q

What is a Dependent Variable

A

the variable that measures the outcome of the experiment

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14
Q

What is Standard Deviation

A

the average amount of variability in your dataset

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14
Q

What is Quanatative Measures

A

an approach used in psychology to collect and analyze numerical data.

14
Q

What is Statistical Significance

A

measures the probability hypothesis being true and the results not being a fluke

15
Q

What is Effect Size

A

Tells you how meaningful the relationship between variables or the difference between groups is.

16
Q

What is a Qualatative Measures

A

measure’s behaviors such as dialogue, body language, and other observations.

17
Q

What is Meta-analysis

A

to draw an overall conclusion

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18
Q

What is the just-world phenomenon

A

The tendency to believe that the world is just and that people get what they deserve.

19
Q

What is altruism

A

Altruism is the selfless concern for the well-being of others

20
Q

What is social loafing

A

the tendency for people to put in less effort when working on a task as a group, compared to when working alone

20
Q

What is the bystander effect

A

the more people who witness someone in distress, the less likely someone is to intervene.

21
Q

What is reciprocity norm

A

a social rule that people should return favors and other acts of kindness

22
Q

What is conflict

A

a disagreement, between two or more elements that are contradictory.

23
Q

What is social trap

A

a situation in which actions are taken because of short-term benefits that lead to long-term consequence

24
Q

What is ingroup vs. outgroup phenomenon

A

describes the fact that we tend to judge and treat people who are like us more favorably than people who are different from us

25
Q

What is out-group homogeneity bias

A

the perception that individuals in an outgroup are more similar (homogeneous) than they really are, as compared to members of one’s ingroup

26
Q

What is diffusion of responsibility

A

the phenomenon such that when there are multiple people present, each individual feels less of a responsibility for the situation

27
Q

What is deindividuation

A

Tendency for people to lose individuality, often
because one is a member of a group

28
Q

What is social responsibility norm

A

An expectation that people will help those who need assistance even if doing so may not offer any visible reward.

29
Q

What is stanford prison experiment

A

a two-week simulation of a prison environment . that aimed to investigate the how people will go into thier roles

30
Q

What is groupthink

A

a phenomenon which members of a group will conform to majority opinion to maintain group harmony rather than stating their own opinions

31
Q

What is social facilitation

A

the phenomenon where the presence of other people can enhance an individual’s performance on a task

32
Q

What is Asch experiment

A

The Asch conformity experiments consisted of a group “vision test”, where study participants were found to be more likely to conform to obviously wrong answers if first given by other “participants”, who were actually working for the experimenter

33
Q

What is Milgram Study

A

tested how far people would go to obey authority, even when it meant hurting others

34
Q

What is the foot-in-the-door technique

A

begins with a small request to encourage compliance with a larger request.

35
Q

What is obedience

A

changing one’s behavior at the command of an authority figure.

36
Q

What is fundamental attribution error

A

the tendency people have to attribute others’ actions to their character, ignoring the impact that situational factors might have on that behavior

37
Q

What is conformity

A

the process whereby people change them selves to fit in with the group.

Ap pscology (1 decks)

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