Body Wall Muscles

Question 1

Which of these extrinsic muscles is being cut through here

Answer 1

Serratus ventralis

Question 2

Which muscle (X) has been removed along with the skin and superficial fascia ?

Answer 2

Cutaneous trunci

Question 3

What is the function of the cutaneous trunci muscle?

Answer 3

responsible for tension and twitching of the skin

Question 4

Identify A and the superficial muscles of the body wall B, C and D in this image.

Answer 4

A. Linea alba
B. Recuts abdominus
C. External abdominal oblique
D. Deep pectoral

Question 5

Name muscle A

Answer 5

Latissimus dorsi

Question 6

What is the function of the Latissimus dorsi

Answer 6

Draws the free limb caudally as in digging /flex the shoulder joint.
Limb retraction and shoulder flexion

Question 7

How does the right axillary artery arise from the aorta

Answer 7

Brachiocephalic trunk gives rise to the right subclavian artery- the axillary artery is the continuation of the right subclavian as it curves around the first rib.

Brachiocephalic trunk -> subclavian artery -> axillary artery (@ point of first rib)

Question 8

Identify muscle 1

Answer 8

External abdominal oblique

Question 9

Identify muscle 2

Answer 9

Recuts abdominus

Question 10

Identify muscle 3

Answer 10

Serratus ventralis

Question 11

Identify muscle 4

Answer 11

Scalenus

Question 12

Identify muscle 5

Answer 12

Recuts thoracis

Question 13

Identify muscle 1

Answer 13

External abdominal oblique

Question 14

Identify muscle 2

Answer 14

Rectus abdominus

Question 15

Identify muscle 3

Answer 15

Serratus ventralis (cervicis and thoracis)

Question 16

Identify muscle 4

Answer 16

Scalenus

Question 17

Identify muscle 5

Answer 17

Rectus thoracis

Question 18

Identify muscle 6

Answer 18

External intercostal

Question 19

Identify muscle 7

Answer 19

Serratus dorsalis cranilais

Question 20

Describe the direction of muscle fibres of the external intercostal muscle fibers

Answer 20

Fibres run caudoventrally from the caudal border of one rib to the cranial border of the rib caudal to it.

Question 21

What is the function of the external intercostals in respiration?

Answer 21

They draw the ribs together

Question 22

Describe the direction of the internal intercostal muscles

Answer 22

Fibers run cranioventrally from the cranial border of one rib to the caudal border of the rib cranial to it.

Question 23

What term is used to describe the area (indicated here) where the heart is in direct contact with the body wall?

Answer 23

the cardiac notch

Question 24

The term puncta maxima is used to describe the best location to place your stethoscope in order to listen to the sound made by individual heart valves.

Question: Which heart valve would be best heard on the right side of the thorax at position A (the cardiac notch)

Answer 24

Right atrioventricular (tricuspid) valve

Question 25

What name is given to the cranial reflection of the pleura shown here extending beyond the first rib?

Answer 25

Cupula

Question 26

List the key components of the pericardium.

Answer 26

Visceral serous pericardium (equiv to epicardium); pericardial cavity, Parietal serous pericardium, middle fibrous pericardium, pericardial mediastinal pleura.

Question 27

Which organ lies immediately caudal to the diaphragm

Answer 27

Liver

Question 28

What lung lobes are found on the right side of the dog

Answer 28

Cranial, middle, accessory and caudal lobes

Question 29

The caudal lobe of the right lung (X) and its attachment (Y) to the mediastinum at the level of the oesophagus is demonstrated here. This attachment is formed by the reflection of the visceral pleura at the root of the lung. Question: What name is given to the resulting structure (Y)?

Answer 29

Pulmonary ligament

Question 30

Identify blood vessel A

Answer 30

Caudal vena cava

Question 31

What name is given to the opening in the diaphragm the cd. Vena cava runs through and continues into the thoracic cavity?

Answer 31

Caval foramen

Question 32

What name is given to membranous structure B associated with blood vessel A?

Answer 32

Plica vena cava

Question 33

Identify the white structure (C) running along the caudal surface of blood vessel A

Answer 33

Right phrenic nerve

Question 34

What is the function of structure (C)?

Answer 34

Innervation of the diaphragm

Question 35

What name is given to this recess in which the accessory lobe is positioned in?

Answer 35

Mediastinal recess.

Question 36

Which mediastinal recess is being illustrated in this image?

Answer 36

Costodiaphragmatic recess

Question 37

What does A represent?

Answer 37

Coronary groove

Question 38

Which chambers of the heart are positioned at B and C?

Answer 38

B right atrium; C left ventricle (corresponds to the caudal margin of the heart)

Question 39

What glandular organ lies cranial to the heart at position D (more evident in the juvenile than here

Answer 39

thymus

Question 40

What structure E can be seen travelling over the lateral margin of the heart?

Answer 40

Right phrenic nerve

Question 41

Identify vessel A

Answer 41

Cranial vena cava

Question 42

Which major vessels (not shown) merge close to the thoracic inlet to form vessel A.

Answer 42

External jugular veins and left and right subclavian veins

Question 43

Describe how this vessel arise from the aorta External jugular veins and left and right subclavian veins

Answer 43

the internal thoracic artery is a branch of the right subclavian artery which in turn arises from the brachiocephalic trunk in this species (dog)

Question 44

Identify blood vessel A

Answer 44

Azygos vein

Question 45

Does the azygous vein carry arterial or venous blood?

Answer 45

Venous blood

Question 46

Approximately where does the trachea bifurcate in the dog?

Answer 46

About T5/T6

Question 47

What structures enter and leave the root of the lung along with the primary bronchus at this location?

Answer 47

Pulmonary artery and vein and blood supply to the lung via the bronchial artery (which arises variously directly from the aorta)

Question 48

Which important feature of the thoracic cavity is being indicated in this image running along the dorsal surface of the thoracic cavity?

Answer 48

Right sympathetic chain

Question 49

Identify structure 1

Answer 49

Diaphragm

Question 50

Identify structure 2

Answer 50

Oesophageal hiatus

Question 51

Identify structure 3

Answer 51

sympathetic trunk

Question 52

Identify structure 4

Answer 52

oesophagus

Question 53

Identify structure 5

Answer 53

caudal vena cava

Question 54

Identify structure 6

Answer 54

plica venae cavae

Question 55

Identify structure 7

Answer 55

root of lung and phrenic nerve

Question 56

Identify structure 8

Answer 56

right vagus

Question 57

Identify structure 9

Answer 57

right azygous vein

Question 58

Identify structure 10

Answer 58

cranial vena cava

Question 59

Identify structure 11

Answer 59

trachea

Question 60

Identify structure 12

Answer 60

thymus

Question 61

Identify structure 13

Answer 61

Internal thoracic vessels

Question 62

Identify structure 14

Answer 62

vagosympathetic trunk

Question 63

Identify vein 1

Answer 63

Right azygous vein

Question 64

Identify vein 2

Answer 64

Caudal vena cava (within plica vena cava)

Question 65

Identify vein 3

Answer 65

Cranial vena cava

Question 66

One of the branches of the right subclavian artery has been labelled 4 in this image. Name this vessel

Answer 66

Internal thoracic artery

Question 67

What important tubular structure is lying just dorsal to the cranial vena cava within the mediastinum?

Answer 67

Trachea

Question 68

What important tubular structure is travelling within the mediastinum towards the diaphragm medial to the accessory lobe of the right lung (X)?

Answer 68

Oesophagus

Question 69

What special name is given to this pleural reflection? (3)

Answer 69

Plica vena cava

Question 70

Which chamber of the heart is located at this position (4)

Answer 70

Right ventricle

Question 71

Identify the glandular tissue lying cranial to the heart in the cranial mediastinum (5)

Answer 71

thymus

Question 72

Identify structure 1

Answer 72

Right Sympathetic chain

Question 73

Identify structure 2

Answer 73

Right Phrenic nerve

Question 74

Identify structure 1

Answer 74

Longus colli

Question 75

Identify structure 2

Answer 75

First rib

Question 76

Identify structure 3

Answer 76

internal thoracic vessels

Question 77

Identify structure 4

Answer 77

thymus

Question 78

Identify structure 5

Answer 78

vessels in paraconal interventricular groove or the heart

Question 79

Identify structure 6

Answer 79

pulmonary trunk

Question 80

Identify structure 7

Answer 80

esophagus

Question 81

Identify structure 8

Answer 81

pulmonary veins entering left atrium

Question 82

Identify structure 9

Answer 82

dorsal and ventral right vagal trunks

Question 83

Identify structure 10

Answer 83

aorta

Question 84

Identify structure 11

Answer 84

sympathetic trunk

Question 85

Identify structure 12

Answer 85

right phrenic nerve

Question 86

Identify structure 13

Answer 86

caudal mediastinum

Question 87

Identify structure 14

Answer 87

diaphragm

Question 88

Identify the glandular tissue (1) located within the cranial mediastinum

Answer 88

Thymus

Question 89

Which chamber of the heart would be located at position (2)?

Answer 89

Apex = left ventricle

Question 90

Which chamber of the heart would be located at position (3)

Answer 90

Right ventricle (cranial margin)

Question 91

What organ or structure lies medial to the mediastinum at (4)

Answer 91

Accessory lobe right lung within the mediastinal recess

Question 92

What structure is indicated within the caudal mediastinum at (5)

Answer 92

Left phrenic nerve

Question 93

Identify structure 1

Answer 93

Aorta

Question 94

Identify structure 2

Answer 94

Oesophagus

Question 95

Identify structure 2

Answer 95

Oesophagus

Question 96

Arrow 4 is pointing to a white structure that is travelling along the lateral to dorsal surface of tubular structure 2. Name this structure precisely.

Answer 96

Dorsal branch of vagus nerve

Question 97

Arrow 5 is pointing to the cranial margin of the heart . Which chamber of the heart is located here and name the major blood vessel(s) that enters or leaves this chamber of the heart

Answer 97

Right ventricle and pulmonary trunk

Question 98

Identify the various reflections of the visceral pleura indicated by labels 1-3 in this image

Answer 98

1. Mediastinal pleura 2. Diaphragmatic pleura 3. Costal pleura

Question 99

Where is the thyroid located

Answer 99

In the neck

Question 100

What is the function of the thyroid

Answer 100

Endocrine organ. Production of hormones - regulating metabolism

Question 101

Where is the thymus located

Answer 101

Between the lungs

Question 102

What is the function of the thymus

Answer 102

Production of immune cells Also secondary endocrine organ in communication with the pituitary

Question 103

Define “Rectus”

Answer 103

Latin meaning “straight”

Question 104

What abdominal wall muscle do i always forget

Answer 104

Scalenus

Question 105

What is the function of the scalenus muscle

Answer 105

Accessory respiration muscle