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BODY TISSUES > Body Tissue > Flashcards

Body Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Four primary types of tissues

A
  1. Epithelial tissue (epithelium)
  2. Connective tissue
  3. Muscle tissue
  4. Nervous tissue
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2
Q

Locations of this tissue is
▪ Body coverings
▪ Body linings
▪ Glandular tissue

Functions of this tissue is:

▪ Protection
▪ Absorption
▪ Filtration
▪ Secretion

A

Epithelial Tissue

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3
Q

The hallmark of this tissue is

▪ Cover and line body surfaces
▪ Often form sheets with one free surface, the apical surface, and an anchored surface, the basement membrane
▪ Avascular (no blood supply)
▪ Regenerate easily if well nourished

A

Epithelial Tissue

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4
Q

Classifications of epithelial tissue & their number of layers:

A

▪ Simple—one layer
▪ Stratified—more than one layer

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5
Q

Classification of epithelia tissue and their shape of cells

A

▪ Squamous—flattened, like fish scales ▪ Cuboidal—cube-shaped, like dice
▪ Columnar—shaped like columns

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6
Q

This type of epithilia
functions in absorption, secretion, and filtration, Very thin (so not suited for protection)

A

Simple epithelia

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7
Q

This type of epithilia has:

▪ Single layer of flat cells
▪ Locations—usually forms membranes
▪ Lines air sacs of the lungs
▪ Forms walls of capillaries
▪ Forms serous membranes (serosae) that line and cover organs in ventral cavity
▪ Functions in diffusion, filtration, or secretion in membranes

A

Simple squamous epithelium

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8
Q

This type of epithilia is

▪ Single layer of cubelike cells ▪ Locations
▪ Common in glands and their ducts ▪ Forms walls of kidney tubules
▪ Covers the surface of ovaries
▪ Functions in secretion and absorption; ciliated types propel mucus or reproductive cells

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

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9
Q

This type of epithilia has

▪ Single layer of tall cells
▪ Goblet cells secrete mucus
▪ Locations
▪ Lining of the digestive tract from stomach to anus
▪ Mucous membranes (mucosae) line body cavities opening to the exterior
▪ Functions in secretion and absorption; ciliated types propel mucus or reproductive cells

A

Simple columnar epithelium

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10
Q

This type of epithilia has
▪ All cells rest on a basement membrane
▪ Single layer, but some cells are shorter than others giving a false (pseudo) impression of stratification
▪ Location: respiratory tract, where it is ciliated and known as pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
▪ Functions in absorption or secretion

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

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11
Q

This type of epithilia is

▪ Consist of two or more cell layers
▪ Function primarily in protection

A

Stratified epithelia

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12
Q

This type og epithelia is

▪ Most common stratified epithelium
▪ Named for cells present at the free (apical) surface, which are squamous
▪ Functions as a protective covering where friction is common
▪ Locations—lining of the: ▪ Skin (outer portion)
▪ Mouth
▪ Esophagus

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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13
Q

This type of epithilial tissue has —two layers of cuboidal cells; functions in protection

A

Stratified cuboidal epithelium

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14
Q

This type of epithilial tissue has surface cells are columnar, and cells underneath vary in size and shape; functions in protection

A

Stratified columnar epithelium

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15
Q

This type of epithilial tissue is

▪ Rare in human body
▪ Found mainly in ducts of large glands

A

Stratified cuboidal and columnar

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16
Q

This epithelial tissue is

▪ Composed of modified stratified squamous epithelium
▪ Shape of cells depends upon the amount of stretching ▪ Functions in stretching and the ability to return to
normal shape
▪ Location: lining of urinary system organs

A

Transitional epithelium

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17
Q

This epithelial tisse has

▪ One or more cells responsible for secreting a particular
product
▪ Secretions contain protein molecules in an aqueous (water-based) fluid
▪ Secretion is an active process

A

Glandular epithelia

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18
Q

Two major gland types develop from epithelial sheets

A

▪ Endocrine glands

▪Exocrine glands

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19
Q

What type of gland that is

▪ Ductless; secretions (hormones) diffuse into blood
vessels

▪ Examples include thyroid, adrenals, and pituitary

A

Endocrine glands

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20
Q

What type of gland that

▪ Secretions empty through ducts to the epithelial surface
▪ Include sweat and oil glands, liver, and pancreas (both internal and external)

A

Exocrine glands

21
Q

What type of tissue that can be found

▪Found everywhere in the body to connect body parts
▪Includes the most abundant and widely distributed tissues
▪ Functions
▪ Protection
▪ Support ▪ Binding

A

Connective Tissue

22
Q

What are the characteristics of connective tissue?

A

▪ Variations in blood supply
▪ Some tissue types are well vascularized
▪ Some have a poor blood supply or are avascular

▪ Extracellular matrix
▪ Nonliving material that surrounds living cells

23
Q

Two main elements of the extracellular matrix

A
  1. Groundsubstance
  2. Fibers
24
Q

what is the element of extracellular matriz that is mostlywater,alongwith
adhesion proteins and polysaccharide molecules

A

Groundsubstance

25
Q

What is element of extracellular matrix that has

▪ Collagen (white) fibers
▪ Elastic (yellow) fibers
▪ Reticular fibers (a type of collagen)

A

Fibers

26
Q

what are the type of connective tissue from most rigid to softest, or most fluid:

A

▪ Bone
▪ Cartilage
▪ Dense connective tissue
▪ Loose connective tissue
▪ Blood

27
Q

What type of connective tissue that is composed of:

▪ Osteocytes (bone cells) sitting in lacunae (cavities) ▪ Hard matrix of calcium salts
▪ Large numbers of collagen fibers
▪ Functions to protect and support the body

A

Bone (osseous tissue)

28
Q

What type of connection tissue that is

▪ Less hard and more flexible than bone
▪ Found in only a few places in the body
▪ Chondrocyte (cartilage cell) is the major cell type ▪Types
▪ Hyaline cartilage ▪ Fibrocartilage
▪ Elastic cartilage

A

Cartilage

29
Q

▪ Most widespread type of cartilage
▪ Abundant collagen fibers hidden by a glassy, rubbery matrix
▪ Locations ▪ Trachea
▪ Attaches ribs to the breastbone
▪ Covers ends of long bones
▪ Entire fetal skeleton prior to birth
▪ Epiphyseal (growth) plates in long bones

A

Hyaline cartilage

30
Q

What type of cartilage that

▪Provides elasticity
▪ Location: supports the external ear

A

▪Elastic cartilage (not pictured)

31
Q

What type of cartilage that is

▪ Highly compressible
▪ Location: forms cushionlike discs between vertebrae of the spinal column

A

Fibrocartilage

32
Q

What type of connective tissue that has. ▪ Main matrix element is collagen fiber
▪ Fibroblasts are cells that make fibers
▪ Locations
▪ Tendons—attach skeletal muscle to bone
▪ Ligaments—attach bone to bone at joints and are more elastic than tendons
▪ Dermis—lower layers of the skin

A

Dense connective tissue (dense fibrous tissue)

33
Q

What type of tissue that is

▪ Softer, have more cells and fewer fibers than other
connective tissues (except blood)
▪Types
▪ Areolar
▪ Adipose ▪ Reticular

A

Loose connective tissue

34
Q

Type of connective tissue that is

▪ Most widely distributed connective tissue
▪ Soft, pliable tissue like “cobwebs”
▪ Functions as a universal packing tissue and “glue” to
hold organs in place
▪ Layer of areolar tissue called lamina propria underlies all membranes
▪ All fiber types form a loose network
▪ Can soak up excess fluid (causes edema)

A

Areolar connective tissue

35
Q

What type of connective tissue that is

▪ An areolar tissue in which adipose (fat) cells dominate
▪ Functions
▪ Insulates the body
▪ Protects some organs
▪ Serves as a site of fuel storage
▪ Locations
▪ Subcutaneous tissue beneath the skin
▪ Protects organs, such as the kidneys
▪ Fat “depots” include hips, breasts, and belly

A

Adipose connective tissue

36
Q

What type of connective tissue that is

▪ Delicate network of interwoven fibers with reticular
cells (like fibroblasts)
▪ Forms stroma (internal framework) of organs
▪ Locations
▪ Lymph nodes
▪ Spleen
▪ Bone marrow

A

Reticular connective tissue

37
Q

What type of connective tissue

▪ Blood cells surrounded by fluid matrix known as blood
plasma
▪ Soluble fibers are visible only during clotting ▪ Functions as the transport vehicle for the
cardiovascular system, carrying: ▪ Nutrients
▪ Wastes
▪ Respiratory gases

A

Blood (vascular tissue)

38
Q

This type of tissue function is to contract, or shorten, to produce movement

A

Muscle Tissue

39
Q

▪Three types of muscle tissue

A
  1. Skeletal
  2. Cardiac
  3. Smooth
40
Q

This type of muscle tissue is

▪ Packaged by connective tissue sheets into skeletal muscles, which are attached to the skeleton and pull on bones or skin
▪ Voluntarily (consciously) controlled
▪ Produces gross body movements or facial expressions ▪ Characteristics of skeletal muscle cells
▪ Striations (stripes)
▪ Multinucleate (more than one nucleus) ▪ Long, cylindrical shape

A

Skeletal muscle tissue

41
Q

This type of muscle tissue is

▪ Involuntarily controlled
▪ Found only in the heart
▪ Pumps blood through blood vessels
▪ Characteristics of cardiac muscle cells
▪ Striations
▪ One nucleus per cell
▪ Short, branching cells
▪ Intercalated discs contain gap junctions to connect cells togethe

A

Cardiac muscle tissue

42
Q

This type of muscle tissue is

▪ Involuntarily controlled
▪ Found in walls of hollow organs such as stomach, uterus, and blood vessels
▪ Peristalsis, a wavelike activity, is a typical activity
▪ Characteristics of smooth muscle cells ▪ No visible striations
▪ One nucleus per cell
▪ Spindle-shaped cells

A

Smooth (visceral) muscle tissue

43
Q

What type of tissue that

▪Function is to receive and conduct electrochemical impulses to and from body parts
▪ Irritability
▪ Conductivity
▪Composed of neurons and nerve support cells

▪ Support cells called neuroglia insulate, protect, and
support neurons

A

Nervous Tissue

44
Q

Tissue repair (wound healing) occurs in two ways, what are these?

A
  1. Regeneration
  2. Fibrosis
45
Q

This tissue repair is the replacement of destroyed tissue by the same kind of cells

A

regeneration

46
Q

This tissue repair is by dense (fibrous) connective tissue (scar
tissue)

A

Fibrosis

47
Q

In tissue repair this tissues regenerate easily

A

▪ Epithelial tissue (skin and mucous membranes)
▪ Fibrous connective tissues and bone

48
Q

In tissue repair this tissues regenerate poorly

A

▪Skeletal muscle

49
Q

In tissue repair, these tissues are replaced largely with scar tissue

A

▪ Cardiac muscle
▪ Nervous tissue within the brain and spinal cord

BODY TISSUES (1 decks)

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