Body Systems Vocab

Question 1

Cell Differentiation

Answer 1

the process by which cells become different types of cells

Question 2

Tissue

Answer 2

a group of similar types of cells that work together to carry out specific tasks

Question 3

Organ

Answer 3

a group of different tissues working together to perform a particular job

Question 4

Organ System

Answer 4

a group of organs that work together and perform a specific task

Question 5

Muscle

Answer 5

strong body tissue that can contract in an orderly way

Question 6

Joint

Answer 6

where two or more bones meet

Question 6

Ligament

Answer 6

the tissue that connects bones to other bones

Question 7

Hydrostatic Skeleton

Answer 7

a fluid-filled internal cavity surrounded by muscle tissue

Question 8

Exoskeleton

Answer 8

a thick, hard outer covering; protects and supports an animal’s body

Question 9

Cardiac Muscle

Answer 9

muscle found only in the heart

Question 10

Smooth Muscle

Answer 10

involuntary muscle named for its smooth appearance

Question 11

Calorie

Answer 11

the amount of energy it takes to raise the temperature of 1kg of water by 1°C

Question 12

Nutrient

Answer 12

a part of food used by the body to grow and survive

Question 13

Digestion

Answer 13

the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into small particles and molecules that your body can absorb and use

Question 14

Mechanical Digestion

Answer 14

a process in which food is physically broken into smaller pieces

Question 15

Chemical Digestion

Answer 15

a process in which chemical reactions break down pieces of food into small molecules

Question 16

Esophagus

Answer 16

a muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach

Question 17

Peristalsis

Answer 17

waves of muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract

Question 18

Villus

Answer 18

finger like projections, many of which cover the folds of the small intestine

Question 19

Excretory System

Answer 19

the system that collects and eliminates wastes from the body and regulates the level of fluid in the body

Question 20

Photosynthesis

Answer 20

a series of chemical reactions that convert light energy, water, and carbon dioxide into the food-energy molecules glucose and give off oxygen

Question 21

Vascular Tissue

Answer 21

specialized plant tissue composed of tubelike cells that transports water and nutrients in some plants

Question 22

Xylem

Answer 22

a type of vascular tissue that carries water and dissolved nutrients from the roots to the stem and the leaves

Question 23

Phloem

Answer 23

a type of vascular tissue that carries dissolved sugars throughout a plant

Question 24

Stoma

Answer 24

a small opening in the epidermis, or surface layer, of a lead

Question 25

Pharynx

Answer 25

a tubelike passageway at the top of the throat that receives air, food, and liquids from the mouth or nose

Question 26

Trachea

Answer 26

a tube that is held open by C-shaped rings of cartilage; connects the larynx and the bronchi

Question 27

Bronchi

Answer 27

two narrow tubes that carry air in the lungs from the trachea

Question 28

Lungs

Answer 28

the main organs of the respiratory system

Question 29

Diaphragm

Answer 29

a large muscle below the lungs that contracts and relaxed as air moves into and out of your lungs

Question 30

Alveoli

Answer 30

microscopic sacs or pouches at the end of the bronchioles where gas exchange occurs

Question 31

Atria

Answer 31

the upper two chambers of the heart

Question 32

Ventricles

Answer 32

the lower two chambers of the heart

Question 33

Artery

Answer 33

a vessel that carries blood away from the heart

Question 34

Vein

Answer 34

a vessel that carries blood toward the heart

Question 35

Capillary

Answer 35

a tiny blood vessel that delivers supplies to an individual cell and takes away waste materials

Question 36

Open Circulatory System

Answer 36

a system that transports blood and other fluids into open spaces that surround organs in the body

Question 37

Closed Circulatory System

Answer 37

a system that transports materials through blood using vessels

Question 38

Nervous System

Answer 38

the part of an organism that gathers, processes, and responds to information

Question 39

Neuron

Answer 39

the basic functioning unit of the nervous system; a nerve cell

Question 40

Central Nervous System

Answer 40

system made up of the brain and the spinal cord

Question 41

Spinal Cord

Answer 41

a tube like structure of neurons that sends signals to and from the brain

Question 42

Peripheral Nervous System

Answer 42

system made of sensory and motor neurons that transmit information between the central nervous System (CNS) and the rest of the body

Question 43

Sensory System

Answer 43

the part of your nervous system that detects or sense the environment

Question 44

Receptor

Answer 44

special structures in all parts of the sensory system that detect stimuli