Body Systems Test Flashcards
Muscular System and Example
Allows for movement by contracting. (Ex, punching your sibling)
What are the three types of muscle?
Smooth, Cardiac, and Skeletal.
Smooth muscle
Involuntary muscle that controls your digestive system.
Cardiac muscle
Involuntary (don’t control it) muscle that controls your heart.
Skeletal muscle
Voluntary (can control it) muscle that controls your movement.
Flexor and examples
A muscle that bends part of your body. Ex, biceps, hamstrings, and abdominals.
Extensor and examples
A muscle that straightens part of your body. Ex, quadriceps and triceps, as well as gastrocnemius.
Tendon and example
Strand of connective tissue, connects muscle to bone. Ex, achilles tendon.
Ligament and example
Connects two bones together. Ex, connects your thigh and calf together.
Name 5 muscles and where they are located. Extensor or Flexor?
- Lubrical- Hand- Flexor
- Gluteus Maximus- Butt- Extensor
- Soleus- Calf on the back- Flexor
- Biceps Femoris- Back of your thigh- Flexor
- Rectus Abdominus- Abs- Flexor
What are functions of the skeletal system?
- Protects your organs.
- Helps you move.
- Gives you shape.
- Helps protect fragile tissues in the body.
Compact bone
Is a bone that is rigid and dense. (Looks like a dog bone)
Spongy bone and explain.
Spongy bone provides most of the strength and support for the bones. (When you cut the bone in half it looks like a sponge). ABSORBS and doesn’t make that much noise when dropped.
Name 5 skeletal systems and where they are located.
- Femur- Quad
- Tibia- Shin (front side of your body)
- Carpals- Wrist
- Vertebral Column- Spine
- Clavicle- Collarbone
What’s the longest and strongest bone in the body?
The femur bone is the longest and strongest.
How many bones are in the human body as grown adults?
206 bones as grown adults.
A _________ is what is formed when two bones meet.
Joint
WHERE is the smallest bone in the body?
The ear (the stapes) is the smallest bone/part of the body.
What does the circulatory system consist of?
It consists of the heart and the blood vessels running through the entire body.
What is the cardiovascular system’s job?
The cardiovascular system’s job is to deliver nutrients and oxygen all over the body through blood vessels. (Like a mailman)
Arteries
Carry blood away from the heart.
Veins
Carry blood back to the heart.
Capillary
A tiny blood vessel that allows exchange between blood, cells and other tissue.
How many circuits are there and their names?
There are two circuits- The Pulmonary circulation and the Systemic circulation.
Pulmonary circulation’s job?
Is to move blood between the heart and the lungs. It transports deoxygenated blood to the lungs to absorb oxygen and release carbon dioxide. The oxygenated blood then flows back to the heart.
Systemic circulation’s job?
Is to move blood between the heart and the rest of the body. It sends oxygenated blood out to cells and returns deoxygenated blood to the heart.
Digestive System
The human digestive system is a series of organs that convert food into nutrients/energy.
HOW does the digestive system get energy?
It uses the nutrients in food as energy for the body or breaks down food to give the body energy.
Name most of the parts from the digestive system.
Mouth, Salivary glands, Oesophagus, Liver, Stomach, Gall bladder, Pancreas, Large intestine (to absorb water and salt), Small intestine, Appendix, Rectum, Anus are all part of the digestive system.
What parts of the digestive system do food not go through, but is where the juice is?
The liver, gall bladder, and the pancreas.
What is the digestive systems job?
To move the unused waste material out of the body.
What is the route of travel in the digestive system?
The route of travel is the oesophagus.
When does the first part of digestion occur?
The first part of digestion is when you take a bite of food. (In the mouth)
What are all of the parts of the immune system? In order. May be used more than once.
Tonsils and Adenoids, Lymph Nodes, Lymphatic Vessels (Way to get to the garbage cans), Thymes, Lymph Nodes (Garbage Cans for toxins), Spleen, Peyer’s Patches, Appendix, Lymph Nodes, Bone Marrow, Lymphatic Vessels.
What are the 4 types of germs that can occur in the body?
- Virus
- Bacteria
- Fungus
- Parasite
What are the 2 cells that fight germs and what do they do?
- Lymphocytes- are the White Cells.
- Phagocytes- Eat the germs.
What are the two parts of the immune system?
The Innate/Natural Immunity and the Adaptive/Acquired Immunity.
Innate/Natural Immunity, many forms, lines, and protectors of what?
The immunity you are born with. Rapid Response. Many forms:
Skin, Cornea of the eye, and the Mucous membrane. Lines the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary tracts. Protectors of harmful germs like parasites/worms or cells, such as cancer.
Genetic!
Adaptive/Acquired Immunity and Explain!
You develop this when your body is exposed to microbes or chemicals released by microbes.
-Special proteins called Antibodies
-Specific invader (illness)
-After your body has been exposed to an illness, it may take a few days to form antibodies. These will stay in your body to fight it off if you come in contact with that illness again.
Immunizations and what are the 2 ways?
Train your immune system to make antibodies to protect from harmful diseases. 1st- DNA copy with covid antibodies.
2nd- Dead virus- exact thing, not a copy.
What strengthens your immune system and what destroys your immune system?
Disease strengthens your immune system and sugar destroys your immune system.
Nervous System and Example
The nervous system gathers and interprets information. This information comes from inside your body and from the world outside. Your nervous system will respond to that information. If you put your hand on fire, your body will signal that it is hurting.
What does the nervous system act as and what are its two parts?
The nervous system acts as the body’s central command post. It has two parts one is the central nervous system and the other is the peripheral nervous system.
CNS
Is the central nervous system and is the brain and the spinal cord.
PNS
Is the peripheral nervous system and is anything/everything, but the brain and the spinal cord.
If you have A+ blood who can you give to and who can you receive from?
You can give to A+ and AB+ and can receive from A+, A-, O+, and O-.
If you have O+ blood who can you give to and who can you receive from?
You can give to O+, A+, B+, and AB+ and can receive from O+ and O-.
If you have B+ blood who can you give to and who can you receive from?
You can give to B+ and AB+ and can receive from B+, B-, O+, and O-.
If you have AB+ blood who can you give to and who can you receive from?
You can give to only AB+, but can receive from any blood type.
If you have A- blood who can you give to and who can you receive from?
You can give to A+, A-, AB+, and AB- can receive from A- and O-.
If you have O- blood who can you give to and who can you receive from?
You can give to everyone, but receive only from O-.
If you have B- blood who can you give to and who can you receive from?
You can give to B+, B-, AB+, and AB- and can receive from B- and O-.
If you have AB- blood who can you give to and who can you receive from?
You can give to AB+ and AB- and can receive from AB-, A-, B-, and O-.
Make the cheat sheet on everything including pictures and look over and watch the videos from the slideshow!!
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