body systems - summarized Flashcards
1
Q
What are the levels of organization in multicellular animals?
A
Cells, tissue, organs, and organ systems
2
Q
Tissue that causes parts to move
A
Muscular Tissue
3
Q
Can be unicellular or form multicellular glands
A
Secretory Epithelia
4
Q
Secretes into DUCTS
A
Exocrine
5
Q
Secretes into BLOOD
A
Endocrine
6
Q
Bones are…
A
a reservoir for calcium
7
Q
Cartilage cells are also known as…
A
Chondrocytes
8
Q
Red blood cells are also known as…
A
Erythrocytes
9
Q
White blood cells are also known as…
A
Leukocytes
10
Q
Platelets are…
A
Blood clotting
11
Q
Liquid of the blood is…
A
Plasma
12
Q
Voluntary muscle is…
A
Skeletal
13
Q
Visceral (guts) muscle is…
A
Smooth
14
Q
Cardiac muscle is STRIATED and in…
A
the Heart
15
Q
Two parts of the nervous system is…
A
the Brain and the Spinal Cord
16
Q
the Line of the neuron; sends impulses away from the body
A
Axon
17
Q
Send messages/neurotransmitters and keeps it moving throughout the neurons
A
Dendrites.
18
Q
Send chemical messages/chemical messengers
A
Neurotransmitters
19
Q
Skin system is also known as…
A
Integumentary System
20
Q
These produce a melanin pigment that absorbs UV light…
A
Melanocytes
21
Q
Sweat glands are
A
Sudoriferous Glands
22
Q
Fat tissue is
A
Adipose Tissue
23
Q
Input counteracts the output (cancels out)
A
Negative Feedback
24
Q
Input increases and then so does the output
A
Positive Feedback
25
Receiving chambers of the heart
Atria (top)
26
Sending out-chambers of the heart
Ventricles (bottom)
27
Thickest muscular vesicles
Artery
28
Capillaries
Diffusion/Exchange of gasses
29
Have one-way valves (blood goes one way)
Veins
30
Squeezing of arteries is...
a Pulse
31
Clotting cell...
Thrombocyte
32
Protein in red blood cells that carry oxygen...
Hemoglobin
33
Marker on a foreign cell...
Antigen
34
Proteins that combine with antigens...
Antibodies
35
Another name for blood clotting...
Coagulation or Agglutination
36
Universal recipient (blood type)
Type AB
37
Universal donor (blood type)
Type O
38
Nonspecific defense mechanisms
Oil, Nose (mucus, cilia), Skin, Stomach acid
39
pH of Stomach
Around 2
40
White blood cells are also known as...
Leukocytes
41
Causes disease...
Pathogens
42
Two types of immunity
Passive and Active
43
Gets the transferred antibodies
Passive immunity
44
Gets the disease / takes the vaccine (dead or weakened pathogens)
Active immunity
45
Enzyme that breaks down starch
Amylase
46
Enzyme that breaks down proteins into peptides
Pepsin
47
Finger like projections (increases surface area)
Villi
48
Part of body that detoxifies blood
Liver
49
Enzyme that is mechanically breaking down fat (in Liver)
Bile
50
Process that breaks down fat is
Emulsification
51
Pancreas is both
Endocrine and Exocrine
52
Air goes here AFTER Trachea
Bronchi
53
Area where diffusion of gasses occur
Aveoli
54
Flap that prevents food is
Epiglottis
55
Diaphragm contracts/lowers during
Inhalation
56
Diaphragm relaxes during
Exhalation
57
Main organ of excretory system
Kidney
58
Tubes that lead to Kidney to bladder is the
Ureter
59
Tube that leads out of bladder to penis/vagina is
Urethra
60
Kidney is
Renal/Nephro
61
Hormone that regulates water in urine
ADH
62
Responsible for Motor and Sensory innervation of the upper limb
Terminal branch
63
Gap between brain cells is
Synapse
64
Chemical that crosses the gap is
Neurotransmitter
65
Nervous system outside of the Central Nervous System is
the Peripheral Nervous System
66
The neuron that goes from RECEPTOR to CENTRAL is
Sensory neuron
67
Goes from Central to Muscle/Gland is...
Motor neuron
68
Creation of an Endocrine is
a Hormone
69
These hormones go against each other
Antagonistic Hormones
70
Female hormones...
Estrogen / Progesterone
71
Male hormones...
Testosterone
72
n Number of chromosome is...
Haploid
73
2n Number of chromosome is...
Diploid
74
Meiosis is...
Sexual Reproduction
75
A fertilized egg is...
Zygote
76
Pair of chromosomes that have the same genes and size
Homologous
77
How many cycles of Meiosis are there?
2
78
Process that restores diploid number of chromosomes is...
Fertilization
79
Process that produces gametes...
Gametogenesis
80
Creation of eggs... (in ovaries)
Oogenesis
81
Creator of sperm... (in testes)
Spermatogensis
82
Tissue where diffusion occurs between mother and child is...
Placenta
83
Placenta is located in...
the Uterus
84
Hollow ball (egg) that has been blasted out is the...
Blastula
85
The first stage of the egg is the...
Morula
86
Poked in ball (egg) is the...
Gastrula
87
Stages of development of the egg during pregnancy...
Zygote, Morula, Blastula, Gastrula, Embryo, Fetus
88
Pregnancy (time of development) is called...
Egestion
89
Tubes that carry eggs to Uterus from Ovaries are called...
Oviduct/Fallopian Tubes
90
Entrance to the Uterus is...
the Cervix
91
Discharge of lining is the...
Menstruation / Period / Menstrual Cycle
92
Lowers blood sugar...
Insulin
93
Increases blood sugar...
Glucagon
94
Both glucagon and insulin found in,
Endocrine of Pancreas
95
Digestive enzymes go into small enzymes here.
Exocrine of Pancreas
96
A chemical message get these...
Hormones
97
The path food goes through in Digestive System
Mouth, Pharynx, Esophagus, Stomach, Small Intestine, Large Intestine, Rectum, Anus
98
Glands that help with digestion
Accessory glands (Pancreas, Savory, Gastric Glands)
99
Variation can be formed by...
Crossing over / Synapsis / Independent Assortment
100
In pregnancy, positive feedback and .... happens
Oxytocin
101
Reflex arc
Receptors -> Sensory neuron -> Interneurons in Spine -> Motor neurons -> Effector
102
Warm, moistures, and filters the air
Nasal Pathways
103
Where nose and mouth meets...
Pharynx
104
Larynx is protected by a flap of tissue...
Epiglottis
105
Tubes inside Bronchi...
Bronchiole
106
Capillaries surround the...
Alveoli
107
CO2 diffuses out of blood and into...
Alveoli
108
Emulsification occurs in...
Bile (liver)
109
An example of an Accessory Gland is...
The Pancreas
110
A protein that sends messages all over your body to allow you to do actions...
Neurons
111
Neurotransmitters are sent out of these to other neurons to pass the message
Terminal Branches
