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biology - body systems summarized > body systems - summarized > Flashcards

body systems - summarized Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the levels of organization in multicellular animals?

A

Cells, tissue, organs, and organ systems

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2
Q

Tissue that causes parts to move

A

Muscular Tissue

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3
Q

Can be unicellular or form multicellular glands

A

Secretory Epithelia

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4
Q

Secretes into DUCTS

A

Exocrine

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5
Q

Secretes into BLOOD

A

Endocrine

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6
Q

Bones are…

A

a reservoir for calcium

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7
Q

Cartilage cells are also known as…

A

Chondrocytes

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8
Q

Red blood cells are also known as…

A

Erythrocytes

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9
Q

White blood cells are also known as…

A

Leukocytes

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10
Q

Platelets are…

A

Blood clotting

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11
Q

Liquid of the blood is…

A

Plasma

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12
Q

Voluntary muscle is…

A

Skeletal

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13
Q

Visceral (guts) muscle is…

A

Smooth

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14
Q

Cardiac muscle is STRIATED and in…

A

the Heart

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15
Q

Two parts of the nervous system is…

A

the Brain and the Spinal Cord

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16
Q

the Line of the neuron; sends impulses away from the body

A

Axon

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17
Q

Send messages/neurotransmitters and keeps it moving throughout the neurons

A

Dendrites.

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18
Q

Send chemical messages/chemical messengers

A

Neurotransmitters

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19
Q

Skin system is also known as…

A

Integumentary System

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20
Q

These produce a melanin pigment that absorbs UV light…

A

Melanocytes

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21
Q

Sweat glands are

A

Sudoriferous Glands

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22
Q

Fat tissue is

A

Adipose Tissue

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23
Q

Input counteracts the output (cancels out)

A

Negative Feedback

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24
Q

Input increases and then so does the output

A

Positive Feedback

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25
Q

Receiving chambers of the heart

A

Atria (top)

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26
Q

Sending out-chambers of the heart

A

Ventricles (bottom)

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27
Q

Thickest muscular vesicles

A

Artery

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28
Q

Capillaries

A

Diffusion/Exchange of gasses

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29
Q

Have one-way valves (blood goes one way)

A

Veins

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30
Q

Squeezing of arteries is…

A

a Pulse

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31
Q

Clotting cell…

A

Thrombocyte

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32
Q

Protein in red blood cells that carry oxygen…

A

Hemoglobin

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33
Q

Marker on a foreign cell…

A

Antigen

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34
Q

Proteins that combine with antigens…

A

Antibodies

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35
Q

Another name for blood clotting…

A

Coagulation or Agglutination

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36
Q

Universal recipient (blood type)

A

Type AB

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37
Q

Universal donor (blood type)

A

Type O

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38
Q

Nonspecific defense mechanisms

A

Oil, Nose (mucus, cilia), Skin, Stomach acid

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39
Q

pH of Stomach

A

Around 2

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40
Q

White blood cells are also known as…

A

Leukocytes

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41
Q

Causes disease…

A

Pathogens

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42
Q

Two types of immunity

A

Passive and Active

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43
Q

Gets the transferred antibodies

A

Passive immunity

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44
Q

Gets the disease / takes the vaccine (dead or weakened pathogens)

A

Active immunity

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45
Q

Enzyme that breaks down starch

A

Amylase

46
Q

Enzyme that breaks down proteins into peptides

A

Pepsin

47
Q

Finger like projections (increases surface area)

A

Villi

48
Q

Part of body that detoxifies blood

A

Liver

49
Q

Enzyme that is mechanically breaking down fat (in Liver)

A

Bile

50
Q

Process that breaks down fat is

A

Emulsification

51
Q

Pancreas is both

A

Endocrine and Exocrine

52
Q

Air goes here AFTER Trachea

A

Bronchi

53
Q

Area where diffusion of gasses occur

A

Aveoli

54
Q

Flap that prevents food is

A

Epiglottis

55
Q

Diaphragm contracts/lowers during

A

Inhalation

56
Q

Diaphragm relaxes during

A

Exhalation

57
Q

Main organ of excretory system

A

Kidney

58
Q

Tubes that lead to Kidney to bladder is the

A

Ureter

59
Q

Tube that leads out of bladder to penis/vagina is

A

Urethra

60
Q

Kidney is

A

Renal/Nephro

61
Q

Hormone that regulates water in urine

A

ADH

62
Q

Responsible for Motor and Sensory innervation of the upper limb

A

Terminal branch

63
Q

Gap between brain cells is

A

Synapse

64
Q

Chemical that crosses the gap is

A

Neurotransmitter

65
Q

Nervous system outside of the Central Nervous System is

A

the Peripheral Nervous System

66
Q

The neuron that goes from RECEPTOR to CENTRAL is

A

Sensory neuron

67
Q

Goes from Central to Muscle/Gland is…

A

Motor neuron

68
Q

Creation of an Endocrine is

A

a Hormone

69
Q

These hormones go against each other

A

Antagonistic Hormones

70
Q

Female hormones…

A

Estrogen / Progesterone

71
Q

Male hormones…

A

Testosterone

72
Q

n Number of chromosome is…

A

Haploid

73
Q

2n Number of chromosome is…

A

Diploid

74
Q

Meiosis is…

A

Sexual Reproduction

75
Q

A fertilized egg is…

A

Zygote

76
Q

Pair of chromosomes that have the same genes and size

A

Homologous

77
Q

How many cycles of Meiosis are there?

A

2

78
Q

Process that restores diploid number of chromosomes is…

A

Fertilization

79
Q

Process that produces gametes…

A

Gametogenesis

80
Q

Creation of eggs… (in ovaries)

A

Oogenesis

81
Q

Creator of sperm… (in testes)

A

Spermatogensis

82
Q

Tissue where diffusion occurs between mother and child is…

A

Placenta

83
Q

Placenta is located in…

A

the Uterus

84
Q

Hollow ball (egg) that has been blasted out is the…

A

Blastula

85
Q

The first stage of the egg is the…

A

Morula

86
Q

Poked in ball (egg) is the…

A

Gastrula

87
Q

Stages of development of the egg during pregnancy…

A

Zygote, Morula, Blastula, Gastrula, Embryo, Fetus

88
Q

Pregnancy (time of development) is called…

A

Egestion

89
Q

Tubes that carry eggs to Uterus from Ovaries are called…

A

Oviduct/Fallopian Tubes

90
Q

Entrance to the Uterus is…

A

the Cervix

91
Q

Discharge of lining is the…

A

Menstruation / Period / Menstrual Cycle

92
Q

Lowers blood sugar…

A

Insulin

93
Q

Increases blood sugar…

A

Glucagon

94
Q

Both glucagon and insulin found in,

A

Endocrine of Pancreas

95
Q

Digestive enzymes go into small enzymes here.

A

Exocrine of Pancreas

96
Q

A chemical message get these…

A

Hormones

97
Q

The path food goes through in Digestive System

A

Mouth, Pharynx, Esophagus, Stomach, Small Intestine, Large Intestine, Rectum, Anus

98
Q

Glands that help with digestion

A

Accessory glands (Pancreas, Savory, Gastric Glands)

99
Q

Variation can be formed by…

A

Crossing over / Synapsis / Independent Assortment

100
Q

In pregnancy, positive feedback and …. happens

A

Oxytocin

101
Q

Reflex arc

A

Receptors -> Sensory neuron -> Interneurons in Spine -> Motor neurons -> Effector

102
Q

Warm, moistures, and filters the air

A

Nasal Pathways

103
Q

Where nose and mouth meets…

A

Pharynx

104
Q

Larynx is protected by a flap of tissue…

A

Epiglottis

105
Q

Tubes inside Bronchi…

A

Bronchiole

106
Q

Capillaries surround the…

A

Alveoli

107
Q

CO2 diffuses out of blood and into…

A

Alveoli

108
Q

Emulsification occurs in…

A

Bile (liver)

109
Q

An example of an Accessory Gland is…

A

The Pancreas

110
Q

A protein that sends messages all over your body to allow you to do actions…

A

Neurons

111
Q

Neurotransmitters are sent out of these to other neurons to pass the message

A

Terminal Branches

biology - body systems summarized (1 decks)

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