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Vet Assistance > Body Systems and Problems > Flashcards

Body Systems and Problems Flashcards

1
Q

Purpose of the skeletal system?

A

Provide Structure and function to the body

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2
Q

What is the skeletal system made up of?

A

Bone, Cartilage and connective tissue (tendons and ligaments)

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3
Q

What is the Axial Skeleton consist of?

A

Head, spinal column, rib.

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4
Q

What is the Appendicular Skeleton consist of?

A

Limbs

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5
Q

What type of bone is cube shaped, found by joints and gives flexibility?

A

Short bone

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6
Q

What type of bone protects vital organs, plate of bone?

A

Flat bone

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7
Q

What type of bone is complex shaped?

A

Irregular bone

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8
Q

What type of bone is small and seed-shaped?

A

Sesamoid bone

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9
Q

What type of bone is longer that it is wide?

A

Long bone

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10
Q

Cause: injury
Symptoms: lameness, malformation of limb
Cure: High cost surgery, Low cost splint and cast

A

Fracture

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11
Q

Cause: Genetic, large breeds at risk
Symptom: lameness, young as 6-12 months old, reluctant to rise/jump
Cure: High cost surgery, low cost med to help w/ pain

A

Hip dysplaisa

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12
Q

Cause: unknown, giant breeds prone
Symptoms: lameness, abnormal shape to affected area (bone tumor)
Cure: Amputation, chemo

A

Osteosarcoma

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13
Q

Cause: injury
Symptom: lameness
Cure: Surgery

A

Cruciate ligament tear

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14
Q

six sections of the skeleton

A

Skull, Cervival vertebrae, Thoracic vertebrae, Lumbar Vertebrae, Sacrum, Caudal Vertebrae

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15
Q

Cause: age (previous injury can increase chance)
symptom: Lameness,difficulty getting up and down.
Cure: anti-inflammatory med

A

Arthritis

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16
Q

What is the Purpose of the muscular system?

A

Move the skeleton, proper organ function, and meat.

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17
Q

What is the muscular system made up of?

A

Skeletal muscle, Cardiac muscle, Smooth muscle.

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18
Q

Skeletal muscle

A

Movement

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19
Q

Cardiac Muscle

A

Heart

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20
Q

Smooth Muscle

A

Organs

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21
Q

Movement made by choice?

A

Voluntary

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22
Q

Movement happens automatically?

A

Involuntary

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23
Q

Cause: Injury
Symptoms: lameness
Cure: rest, anti inflammatory med

A

Sprains

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24
Q

What is the purpose of the respiratory system?

A

provide oxygen to the blood, expel carbon dioxide, regulates temperature (dogs and cats pant to cool down)

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25
Q

What is the respiratory made up of?

A

Nasal cavity, Trachea, lungs,Bronchi, bronchioles, Aiveoli

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26
Q

Cause: bacteria or virus
Symptom: runny nose, sneezing
Cure: antibiotics (common in kittens)

A

Upper Respiratory Infection

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27
Q

Cause: Virus
Symptoms: coughing
Prevention: Vaccine
Cure: antibiotics help but it has to run it´s course.

A

Bordetella

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28
Q

Cause: Nasal, pharyngeal, sinus irritated, brcchycephalic skull
Symptom: rapid forced inhalation though the nose, snorting or gagging
Cure: cover nose to force breathing though mouth

A

Reverse Sneeze

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29
Q

What is the purpose of the digestive system?

A

Convert food into energy to live and grow

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30
Q

What is the digestive system made up of?

A

Mouth, teeth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, Glands producing digestive enzymes

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31
Q

Simple stomach, one compartment, i.e.: Pigs, Dogs, Cats

A

Monogastric

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32
Q

simple stomach, one compartment, cecum, i.e.: Horse, rabbits

A

Modified mono gastric

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33
Q

One stomach, four compartments, i.e.: cattle, sheep, goat

A

Ruminants

34
Q

Cause: ingesting foreign material
Symptoms: Vomiting, abdominal pain, lethargy
Cure: surgery to remove the foreign material

A

Foreign body

35
Q

Cause: over-eating, no exercise, table scraps
Symptoms: Overweight
Cure: strict diet and exercise

A

Obesity

36
Q

Cause: obstruction or twist in digestive system
Symptom: rolling, kicking at belly, getting up and down repeatedly
Cure: walking, laxative, surgery

A

Colic

37
Q

Cause: when cattle can´t get rid of gas in rumen
Symptoms: Distend left abdomen, pain, bellowing
Cure: Esophageal tube or stab

A

Bloat

38
Q

Cause: virus, bacteria, change of food, foreign body in the digestive symptom
Symptoms: loose stool
Cure: antibiotics

A

Diarrhea

39
Q

What is the purpose of the Circulatory system?

A

Circulate oxygen, nutrients, waste, and water throughout the body.

40
Q

What is the Circulatory system made up of?

A

Heart, veins, Arteries, capillaries

41
Q

Center of the system, Pumps continually

A

Heart

42
Q

Pumps blood to the heart

A

Veins

43
Q

Pumps blood from the heart

A

Arteries

44
Q

Red and white Blood cells

A

Blood

45
Q

Cause: Abnormal/ leaky heart valve, back flow of blood while the heart pumps
Symptom: Abnormal heart sound, usually no other symptoms
Cure: None/surgery

A

Heart murmur

46
Q

Cause: weakened heart muscle, usually from age
Symptom: tiring easily, coughing
Cure: none, med available to help symptoms

A

Congestive Heart Failure

47
Q

Cause: parasite that is spread from dog to dog by mosquito
Symptom: none until it´s too late
prevention: Monthly heart worm med
Cure: if caught early enough it can be killed.

A

Heart worms

48
Q

Cause: dog eating chocolate
Symptom: vomiting, increased heart rate, muscle tremors, seizures
Cure: if lethal dose is eaten, vet care

A

Chocolate Toxicity

49
Q

What is purpose of the Endocrine System?

A

to produce and distribute Hormones throughout the body

50
Q

What is the Endocrine System made up of?

A

Organs and Glands

51
Q

liver, pancreas, kidneys

A

Organs

52
Q

Hypothalamus, pituitary, Thyroid

A

Glands

53
Q

What do hormones control?

A

Growth, Reproduction/milk production, Digestion, level of excitement/ depression

54
Q

Cause: overproduction of the thyroid hormone T3 and T4
Symptom: Weight loss, increased appetite, hyperactivity,
Cure: permanent medication

A

Hyperthyroid

55
Q

Cause: low production of the thyroid gland
Symptom: hair loss, weight gain, lethargy
Cure: diagnose w/ blood test, treat w/ med

A

Hypothyroid

56
Q

Cause: obesity, congenital, or unknown cause
Symptom: weight gain, polyuria, increase drinking, lethargy
Cure: daily insulin

A

Diabetes

57
Q

What is the purpose of Excretory system?

A

dispose waste from the body, i.e: excess water, toxins, other solutes

58
Q

What is the Excretory system made up of?

A

Kidneys, ureters, bladder, Urethra

59
Q

Cause: bacteria/infection
Symptom: excessive and frequent urination
Cure: antibiotics

A

UTI

60
Q

Cause: heredity, poisoning (antifreeze), inflammatory drugs (ibuprofen)
Symptom: Increased thirst/urination weight loss, lethargy, anemia
Cure: IV fluid, special food

A

Kidney Failure

61
Q

Cause: excessive crystal formation in urethra preventing flow of urine
Symptom: unable to urinate, frequent visits to the litter box (common in male cats)
Cure: urinary catheter, IV fluids to flush crystals, special foods to prevent re-occurrence

A

Urinary Blockage

62
Q

Cause: Excessive crystal formation
Symptom: Frequent urination, blood in urine
Cure: surgery to remove the stones, special food to prevent re-occurrence

A

Bladder stone

63
Q

What is the purpose of the Integumentary system?

A

Create a barrier between the body and outside world

64
Q

what is the Integumentary system made up of?

A

skin, hair, nails, glands (sweat)

65
Q

Cause: can be genetic, other causes unknown
Symptom: itchy skin, dermatitis, itchy/dirty ears
Cure: allergy med/ shots

A

Allergies

66
Q

Cause: bacterial infection (common in do with allergies or swims a lot)
Symptoms: defined area of skin that is inflamed, red or hairless and oozing
Cure: oral and topical antibiotics

A

Hot Spots

67
Q

What is the purpose of the Nervous system?

A

Send and receive messages for motor control and overall function of organs

68
Q

what is the Nervous System made up of?

A

Brain, Spinal Cord, Nerves, Neurons

69
Q

Cause: usually unknown, ¨idiopathic¨
symptom: muscle twitching, foaming at the mouth
Cure: no cure, Med helps

A

Seizures

70
Q

What is the purpose of the Immune system?

A

Identifies and kills pathogens-viruses and bacteria

71
Q

What is the Immune system made up of?

A

lymph nodes, lymph system, spleen

72
Q

First line of defense, No memory, non specific, tries to stop everything from coming in, i.e. skin, hair, stomach acid (immune system)

A

Innate

73
Q

Has a memory, remember how to defeat specific pathogens and heals faster/ prevents next exposure, Attacks specific threats

A

Adaptive immunity

74
Q

Cause: unknown, very common in Boxers
Symptom: middle age dogs with lump, usually acts healthy
Cure: chemo, but only extends life for a short time

A

Lymphoma

75
Q

what is the purpose of the Reproductive system?

A

Produce more animals

76
Q

What is the reproductive system made up of? (male)

A

Testies, scrotum, penis

77
Q

What is the reproductive system made up of? (female)

A

ovaries, uterus, cervix, vagina, mammary glands

78
Q

Cause: Hormones and abnormal cell growth
Symptom: lumps on belly
Cure: surgery to remove, spay recommended

A

Mammary tumor

79
Q

Cause: bacterial infection in un-spayed, usually old female dogs
Symptom: vomiting, lethargy, abdominal pain, vaginal discharge
Cure: spay

A

Pyometra

80
Q

Cause: unknown, lack of castration at young age
Symptom: abnormal shape and size of testicle
Cure: neuter

A

Testicular Cancer

81
Q

Cause: unknown
Symptom: one or both testicles not palpable in the scrotum
Cure: Neuter

A

Cryptochidism

Vet Assistance (1 decks)

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