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PHARMACOLOGY > BODY SYSTEMS AND CLASSIFICATIONS > Flashcards

BODY SYSTEMS AND CLASSIFICATIONS Flashcards

1
Q

Are medications used to treat asthma

A

Anti-asthmatic Drugs

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2
Q

Albuterol, Isoproterenol, Aminophylline, Epinephrine HCl

A

Ventolin, Medihaler-Iso, Phyllocontin, Adrenaline

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3
Q

A chronic respiratory condition characterized by airway inflammation and narrowing.

A

Asthma

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4
Q

Used to relieve nasal congestion

A

Nasal Decongestants

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5
Q

Narrowing the blood vessels; reduces swelling and makes it easier to breath

A

Nasal Decongestants

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6
Q

Common symptom of _______ are cold, allergies, and sinus infections.

A

Nasal Congestion

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7
Q

Phenylpropanolamine, Pseudoephedrine

A

Decolgen, Neozep; Sudafed, Sinuzip

Nasal Decongestants

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8
Q

Help to thin and loosen mucus in the airways, making it easier to cough up.

A

Mucolytics

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9
Q

Acetylcysteine, Mucosolvan, Carbocysteine

A

Mucomyst; Ambroxol; Solmux and Loviscol

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10
Q

Type of cough medicine used to clear mucus (phlegm) from your airway

A

Expectorants

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11
Q

Guaifenesin

A

Robitussin

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12
Q

Used to suppress coughs; works by reducing the activity of the cough reflex center in the brain.

A

Antitussive

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13
Q

Benzonatate; Butamirate; Codeine Sulfate; Dextromethorphan

A

Tessalon; Sinecod Forte; Codeine; Menylin DM, Pertussin, Diacol

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14
Q

a substance released by the body during allergic reactions

A

Histamine

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15
Q

a substance released by the body during allergic reactions

A

Histamine

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16
Q

Are medications used to treat allergies

A

Antihistamines

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17
Q

Chlorpheniramine maleate; Clemastine; Loratidine; Cetirizine

A

Chlor-Trimeton; Tavist; Claritin; Zyrtec

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18
Q

Diphenhydramine; Enhydrinate; Desloratidine

A

Antihistamines
- Benadryl, Dramamine, Clarinex

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19
Q

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM DRUGS - ANMEAA

A

Anti-asthmatic
Nasal Decongestant
Mucolytics
Expectorants
Antitussive
Antihistamines

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20
Q

Acetylcysteine

A

Mucolytics – Mucomyst

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21
Q

Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)

A
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Fever, Chest tightness, Tachycardia
  • Rash, Urticaria
  • Rhonchi, Dyspnea, Pruritus
  • Abdominal pain, Diarrhea, Headache
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22
Q

Butamirate

A

Antitussives – Sinecod Forte

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23
Q

Butamirate (Sinecod Forte)

A
  • Nausea, vomiting, Diarrhea
  • Somnolence, Dizziness
  • Hypotension
  • Stomach pain
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24
Q

Simvastatin

A

Antilipemic – Zocor

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25
Q

Simvastatin (Zocor)

A
  • Headache, Nausea
  • Asthenia, Vertigo, Myalgia
  • Atrial Fibrillation, Diabetes
  • Constipation, Gastritis, UTI, URI
  • Increased transaminase levels
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26
Q

Are medications used to lower cholesterol levels on the blood

A

Antilipemic

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27
Q

Often prescribes to reduce the risk of heart disease

A

Antilipemic

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28
Q

Heparin

A

Anticoagulant – Heparin

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29
Q

Heparin (Heparin)

A
  • Hemorrhage, Hematoma
  • Thrombocytopenia
  • Rhinitis, Fever, Irritation, Urticaria (Hives)
  • Hyperkalemia, Hyperaldosteronism
  • Osteoporosis, Ulceration, Pruritus
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30
Q

are medications used to prevent blood clots from forming

A

Anticoagulants

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31
Q

Prescribed to people at risk of blood clots

A

Anticoagulants

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32
Q

Digoxin

A

Cardiac Glycosides – Lanoxin

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33
Q

Class of medications used to treat heart failure.

A

Cardiac Glycosides

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34
Q

Increases the force with which the heart contracts, improving blood flow and helping the heart pump blood more efficiently

A

Cardiac Glycosides

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35
Q

Digoxin (Lanoxin)

A
  • Confusion, Weakness
  • Mental disturbances ~
  • Dizziness, Headache
  • Arrhythmia ~
  • Heart block
  • Blurred vision, Halos around visual images, Yellow-green color disturbance in the vision
  • Diplopia ~
  • Photophobia ~
  • Anorexia ~
  • Nausea, Vomiting, Diarrhea
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36
Q

Methyldopa

A

Antihypertensive – Aldomet

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37
Q

Medications used to treat high blood pressure

A

Antihypertensives

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38
Q

Works by reducing the force with which the heart pumps blood and by relaxing the blood vessels

A

Antihypertensives

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39
Q

Methyldopa (Aldomet)

A
  • Sedation, Decreased mental acuity
  • Headache, Weakness, Dizziness, Asthenia
  • Paresthesia
  • Parkinsonism, Bell’s Palsy
  • Involuntary choreoathetoid movements
  • Psychic disturbance, Nightmares, Depression
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40
Q

Acetylsalicylic Acid

A

Antiplatelet + Vasodilators – Aspirin

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41
Q

Medications both used to improve blood flow and reduce the risk of heart attack and stroke

A

Antiplatelet + Vasodilators

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42
Q

Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin)

A
  • Drowsiness, Nausea, Headache, Dizziness
  • Convulsions (severe or continuing)
  • Heartburn
  • Abdominal discomfort or bloating
  • Bleeding, Constipation
  • Dark Urine
  • Fast breathing, Fever
  • Shortness of breath
  • Confusion
  • Diarrhea
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43
Q

Clopidogrel

A

Antiplatelet + Vasodilators – Plavix

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44
Q

Clopidogrel (Plavix)

A
  • Hematoma, Hemorrhage
  • Epistaxis (nosebleed)
  • Hematuria, Red or black stool
  • Hypersensitivity reactions
  • Bleeding, Headache, Confusion
44
Q

Furosemide

A

Diuretics – Lasix

45
Q

Medications that increase urine production =, helping the body eliminate excess fluid

A

Diuretics

46
Q

Often used to treat conditions like: High blood pressure, Heart failure, Kidney disease, Edema

A

Diuretics

47
Q

Furosemide (Lasix)

A
  • Vertigo, Headache, Dizziness
  • Paresthesia, Weakness
  • Restlessness, Fever
  • Blurred vision
  • Increased thirst
  • Orthostatic hypotension
  • Polyuria, Frequent urination, Bladder spasm
  • Oliguria
  • Electrolyte imbalance, Constipation, Fatigue
48
Q

Mannitol

A

Diuretic – Osmitrol

49
Q

Mannitol (Osmitrol)

A
  • seizures, coma
  • dizziness, confusion, headache
  • fever, edema
  • hypotension, HTN
  • nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
  • urine retention
  • oliguria, hematuria
50
Q

Ranitidine

A

Antacids (Histamine - 2 Blockers) – Zantac

51
Q

Are medications used to neutralize stomach acid, providing relief from symptoms like heartburn, indigestion and acid reflux

A

Antacids

52
Q

are medications used to reduce the amount of acid produced by the stomach

A

Histamine - 2 Blockers

53
Q

Ranitidine (Zantac)

A
  • Nausea, Vomiting
  • Stomach pain, Diarrhea, Constipation
  • Headache, Drowsiness
  • Loss of appetite
  • Cough w/mucus
  • Dark urine
  • Easy bruising or bleeding
  • Shortness of breath
54
Q

Omeprazole

A

Antacids (Proton Pump Inhibitors) – Prilosec

55
Q

A class of medications that cause a profound and prolonged reduction of stomach acid production

A

Proton Pump Inhibitor

55
Q

Omeprazole (Prilosec)

A

Asthenia
Dizziness
Headache
Abdominal Pain
Constipation
Diarrhea
Flatulence
Nausea
Vomiting
Acid regurgitation
Back pain
Weakness
Cough
URI
Rash

56
Q

Misoprostol

A

Antihypertensives – Cytotec

56
Q

Misoprostol (Cytotec)

A

shivering/chills
diarrhea
abdominal pain
Hyperthermia
Nausea
Vomiting
Flatulence
Constipation
Dyspepsia
Headache
breakthrough bleeding
menstrual irregularity
Stomach cramps

57
Q

Bisacodyl

A

Laxatives – Dulcolax

58
Q

used to treat constipation; increasing the frequency and volume of bowel movements

A

Laxatives

59
Q

Bisacodyl (Dulcolax)

A

feeling sick
Nausea
Diarrhea
stomach pain or cramps
Rectal bleeding
Fluid and electrolyte depletion
GI irritation
irritation and a sensation of burning of the rectal mucosa (if supp.)

60
Q

Lactulose

A

Laxative – Cephulac

61
Q

Lactulose (Cephulac)

A

Nausea
Gas
Dehydration
Abdominal pain
Bloating
Loss of Consciousness
Diarrhea
Burping
Abdominal distention
Excessive bowel activity
Full feeling

62
Q

Metformin

A

Oral Hypoglycemics – Glucophage

63
Q

lowers glucose levels in the blood; they are commonly used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus

A

Oral Hypoglycemics

64
Q

Metformin (Glucophage)

A

Headache
Dizziness
Chills
Light-headedness
Taste disorder
Diarrhea
Nausea
Vitamin B12 deficiency
Vomiting
Indigeston
Constipation
Abnormal stools
Dyspepsia
Weight loss
Chest discomfort
Palpitations

NURSING CONSIDERATION
1 Assess patient’s renal function
2 Monitor patient’s glucose level regularly to evaluate effectiveness of therapy
3 Temporarily discontinue drug in patients with restricted food and fluid intake due to surgery or other procedures because of increased risk of volume depletion, hypotension, and renal impairment
4 Monitor patient for evidence of anemia
5 Monitor vitamin B12 level for every 3 years

PATIENT TEACHINGS
1 Teach patient about diabetes and the importance of adhering to therapeutic regimen, following a diet
2 Warn patient against excessive alcohol intake while taking drug
3 Advise patient to swallow the tablet as a whole, don’t crush, chew
4 Advise pt to not take other OTC drugs w/o notifying the prescriber
5 Advise pt to discontinue breastfeeding or discontinue drug

65
Q

Glipizide

A

Oral Hypoglycemics – Glucotrol

66
Q

Glipizide (Glucotrol)

A

COMMON SIDE EFFECTS
Dizziness
Drowsiness
Headache
Nervousness
Tremor
Nausea
Dyspepsia
Urticaria
Flatulence
Constipation
Diarrhea
Vomiting
Leukopenia
Hemolytic anemia
Rashes

NURSING CONSIDERATIONS
During periods of increased stress, patient may need insulin therapy
Patient teaching from insulin therapy to oral hypoglycemic should monitor glucose levels regularly
The frequency of adverse reactions appears to be lower than with first-generation drugs

PATIENT TEACHINGS
Instruct patient about the disease, importance of diet, following dose
Tell patient to carry candy or other sugars to treat mild low-glucose level
Dont change dose without prescriber’s notice
Advise pt to wear or carry medical ID at all times
Warn patient to avoid alcohol, which lowers glucose level
Don’t take other OTC drugs, consult prescriber first

67
Q

Levothyroxine

A

Thyroid Hormones – Synthroid

68
Q

hormone that controls your body’s metabolism, the process in which your body transforms the food you eat into energy

A

Thyroid Hormones

69
Q

Levothyroxine (Synthroid)

A

COMMON SIDE EFFECTS
Diarrhea
Headache
Insomnia
Shortness of breath
Hair loss
Increased appetite
Sweating
Vomiting
Chest pain
Palpitations
Weight loss
Fever
Menstrual changes
Heat intolerance
Cramp
Tiredness
Arthralgia
Nervousness
Rash
Abdominal pain
Tremors

NURSING CONSIDERATIONS
Patients w/DM may need increased antidiabetec doses when starting thyroid hormone replacement
Patients w/hypothyroidism are unusually sensitive to thyroid hormone Start at lower to higher dosages
Long-term therapy causes bone loss during premenopause
Patients taking anticoagulants may need their dosage modified and require monitoring

PATIENT TEACHINGS
Drug must be taken consistently at same time each day
The drug should never be stopped unless directed by prescriber
Caution patient to tell prescriber about all medications taken,OTC, prescription, and herbal products
Warn patient about side effects and adverse reactions
Instruct pt w/DM to monitor glucose level and report changes
Pregnancy must be reported to allow adjustments

70
Q

Prednisone

A

Corticosteroids – Deltasone

71
Q

have several effects on the body:
- Reduce inflammation, suppress overactive immune system responses, and help w/ hormonal imbalances
- are fast acting in the body, which makes them useful for treating sudden severe symptoms
- effectively manage allergic reactions

A

Corticosteroids

72
Q

Carbidopa/Levodopa

A

Anti Parkinson Agent – Senemet

73
Q

used to treat Parkinson’s disease; These drugs work by increasing the levels of dopamine in the brain, a neurotransmitter that helps control movement

A

Anti Parkinson Agent

74
Q

A neurodegenerative disorder that affects movement

A

Parkinson’s Disease

75
Q

Carbidopa/Levodopa (Senemet)

A

Confusion
Sleep disorder
Headache
Nausea
Hypotension
Dizziness
Loss of appetite
Diarrhea
Anxiety
Chest pain
Sweating
Diplopia
Hand tremor
Memory loss

Monitor patient for changes in behavior and to immediately report suicidality
Observe patient and monitor VS, esp BP when changing positions
Monitor patient for CV signs and symptoms
Hallucinations or dyskinesias may require reduction of dosage or withdrawal
Monitor patient for depression and suicidality.

Instruct patient or caregiver in safe drug administration
Dont increase or decrease dosage without prescriber’s orders
Tell pt to change positions slowly
Multivitamins can be taken without reversing levodopa’s effects

76
Q

Phenobarbital

A

Anticonvulsant – Luminal

77
Q

are medication used to prevent or treat seizures; they work by affecting the electrical activity of the brain

A

Anticonvulsants

78
Q

Phenytoin

A

Anticonvulsants – Dilantin

79
Q

Phenobarbital (Luminal)

A

Drowsiness
Headache
Dizziness
Excitement or increased activity
Nausea
Vomiting
Slowed breathing / difficulty breathing
swelling of eyes, lips, or cheeks
Rash
Blistering / peeling skin
Fever
Confusion

80
Q

Phenytoin (Dilantin)

A

Rash
Headache
Nausea
Slurred speech
Constipation
Decreased coordination
Dizziness
Drowsiness
Trouble sleeping
Bleeding gums
Confusion
Liver problems
Locomotor dysfunction
Anxiety
Seizure
Sore throat
Uncontrollable eye movements
Abdominal pain
Enlarged lips
Fever
Unusual bleeding
Blisters
Chest pain

81
Q

Diazepam

A

Anticonvulsant – Vallum

82
Q

Diazepam (Vallum)

A

Confusion
Drowsiness
Dizziness
Constipation
Xerostomia
Impaired coordination
Muscle weakness
Anxiety
Blurred vision
Depression
Irritability
Nausea
Diarrhea
Slurred speech
Tremor
Agitation
Fast heartbeat
Increased seizures warning
Spinning sensation
Amnesia
Blistered or peeling skin
Decreased interest in sexual intercourse
Dependence and misuse

83
Q

Ibuprofen

A

Analgesics (NSAIDs) – Motrin, Advil

84
Q

Ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil)

A

Dizziness
Nausea
Heartburn
Constipation
Headache
Stomach pain
Hypertension
Allergic reaction
Diarrhea
Edema
Rash
Bloating
Heart failure
Blurred vision
Kidney disease
Hepatotoxicity
Ringing in the ears
A stomach ulcer
Anemia
Melena
Hematuria
Itching
Shortness of breath

85
Q

Allopurinol

A

Antigout Drugs – Zyloprim

86
Q

medications used to prevent and treat gout

A

Antigout Drugs

87
Q

A painful condition caused by buildup of Uric acid crystals in the joints

A

Gout

88
Q

Allopurinol (Zyloprim)

A

Nausea
Diarrhea
Drowsiness
Rashes
Headaches

89
Q

Celecoxib

A

Analgesics (Opioids/Opiates) – Celebrex

90
Q

Celecoxib (Celebrex)

A

Headache
Dizziness
Insomnia
Fever
HTN
Peripheral edema
Abdominal pain
Diarrhea
Back pain
Dyspnea
Cough
Nausea
Flatulence
Hypersensitivity reaction

91
Q

medications that are stronger pain relievers and can be used to treat severe pain

A

Analgesics (Opioids/Opiates)

92
Q

these medications reduce pain and inflammation

A

Analgesics (NSAIDs)

93
Q

Used to relieve pain

A

Analgesics

94
Q

Clonidine

A

Antihypertensives – Catapres

95
Q

Clonidine (Catapres)

A

Constipation
Dizziness
Xerostomia
Fatigue
Decreased sexual ability
Nausea
Depression
Anxiety
Headache
Darkening of the skin
Drowsiness
Heart block
Hypotension
Hypertension
Allergic reaction
Blurred vision
Chest pain
Dry, itching, or burning eyes
Fainting
Impotence
Loss of appetite
Drug withdrawal
Abdominal pain
Excessive sweating

96
Q

Atorvastatin

A

Antilipemic – Lipitor

97
Q

Atorvastatin (Lipitor)

A

Insomnia
Nasopharyngitis
Abdominal pain
Diarrhea
Dyspepsia
Flatulence
Nausea
UTI
Increased LFT values
Diabetes
Muscle spasm
Dizziness
Headache
Loss of appetite
Common cold

98
Q

Theophylline

A

Anti-asthmatic – Theo-dur

99
Q

Theophylline (Theo-dur)

A

Nausea
vomiting
stomach/abdominal pain
Headache
Trouble sleeping
Diarrhea
Irritability
Restlessness
Nervousness
Shaking
increased urination

100
Q

INSULIN TYPE: Short - Acting

Onset, Peak time, Duration

A

ONSET: 30 minutes
PEAK TIME: 2 - 3 hours
DURATION: 3 - 6 hours

101
Q

INSULIN TYPE: Intermediate - Acting

Onset, Peak time, Duration

A

ONSET: 2 - 4 hours
PEAK TIME: 4 - 12 hours
DURATION: 12 - 18 hours

102
Q

INSULIN TYPE: Long - Acting

Onset, Peak time, Duration

A

ONSET: 2 hours
PEAK TIME: Doesn’t Peak
DURATION: Up to 24 hours

103
Q

Usually taken 30 and 60 mins before a meal.

A

SHORT-ACTING INSULIN

104
Q

Covers insulin requirements for a half-day or overnight. Frequently used in combination with rapid- or short-acting insulin.

A

INTERMEDIATE-ACTING INSULIN

105
Q

Covers insulin requirements for almost a full day. Frequently used with rapid- or short-acting insulin.

A

LONG-ACTING INSULIN

PHARMACOLOGY (1 decks)

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