Body systems

Question 1

Name the 3 main parts of the cardiovascular system

Answer 1

Heart, blood vessels, blood

Question 2

Which type of blood vessel takes blood away from the heart?

Answer 2

Arteries

Question 3

Which type of blood vessel takes blood to the heart?

Answer 3

Veins

Question 4

What is the purpose of capillaries?

Answer 4

Connects arteries and veins

Question 5

What are the 3 main functions of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 5

Transports substances, controlling the body’s temperature and protecting the body.

Question 6

What substances does the blood transfer? Name 4.

Answer 6

Oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, water and waste products.

Question 7

What do red blood cells do?

Answer 7

Carry oxugen

Question 8

What do white blood cells do?

Answer 8

Fight infections

Question 9

What do platelets do?

Answer 9

Helps to clot the blood.

Question 10

What is plasma?

Answer 10

The water content of the blood.

Question 11

What absorbs the oxygen in the red blood cells?

Answer 11

Haemoglobin

Question 12

What are the walls of the heart made of?

Answer 12

Cardiac muscle

Question 13

What are the 4 main blood vessels?

Answer 13

Pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein, aorta and vena cava

Question 14

Describe the process of the blood with the 4 main blood vessels starting with the heart.

Answer 14

Oxygenated blood is pumped from the heart through the Aorta to parts of the body.
Deoxygenated blood returns to the heart through the Vena Cava.
The deoxygenated blood is pumped by the heart to the lungs through the Pulmonary Artery.
The lungs re-oxygenate the blood which returns to the heart through the Pulmonary Vein.
The cycle repeats.

Question 15

Veins have valves, what do these do?

Answer 15

These prevent backflow when the blood is working against gravity.

Question 16

What is heart rate?

Answer 16

The number of beats every minute.

Question 17

What is heart rate measured in?

Answer 17

BPM

Question 18

What is the relationship between fitness and resting heart rate?

Answer 18

The fitter you are, the lower the resting heart rate.

Question 19

What is the average resting heart rate?

Answer 19

70-75 bpm

Question 20

How do you calculate the maximum heart rate for a person?

Answer 20

220-age

Question 21

What is stroke volume?

Answer 21

The amount of blood pumped out of the heart per beat.

Question 22

What is cardiac output?

Answer 22

The amount of blood pumped out of the heart per minute

Question 23

How do you calculate cardiac output?

Answer 23

stroke volume x heart rate

Question 24

During exercise, what happens to the heart?

Answer 24

The heart rate and the stroke volume will increase

Question 25

What benefits does the heart get from regular exercise?

Answer 25

The heart gets larger, the cardiac muscle gets thicker and stronger, the stroke volume increases which results in a lower resting heart rate.

Question 26

What is an antagonistic pair?

Answer 26

Two muscles that work together by contracting and relaxing.

Question 27

Name two pairs of antagonistic pairs.

Answer 27

biceps and triceps | hamstrings and quadriceps

Question 28

What are the 4 main functions of the skeleton?

Answer 28

Shape, movement, protection and production

Question 29

What are the two types of synovial joints?

Answer 29

Ball and socket Hinge joint

Question 30

What are the two types of hinge joint?

Answer 30

Knee and elbow

Question 31

What are the two types of ball and socket joint?

Answer 31

Shoulder and hip

Question 32

What are the two ranges of movement in a hinge joint?

Answer 32

Flexion and extension

Question 33

What are the 5 ranges of movement in a ball and socket joint?

Answer 33

Adduction, abduction, rotation, flexion and extension.

Question 34

What is flexion?

Answer 34

The term given when the angle at the joint decreases

Question 35

What is extension?

Answer 35

The term given when the angle at the joint increases.

Question 36

What is abduction?

Answer 36

The movement of the limb away from the midline of the body.

Question 37

What is adduction?

Answer 37

The movement of a limb towards the midline of the body.

Question 38

What is rotation?

Answer 38

When the bone at a joint moves around its own axis.

Question 39

What are the 2 long term effects of exercise on the skeletal system?

Answer 39

Increased bone density and increased strength of ligaments and tendons.

Question 40

What does the term 'voluntary' muscle mean?

Answer 40

A muscle that works on demand.

Question 41

Can you name the 11 voluntary muscles in your body?

Answer 41

Deltoid, trapezius, latissimus dorsi, pectorals, biceps, triceps, abdominals, quadriceps, hamstrings, gluteals and gastrocnemius.

Question 42

Which muscle contracts to allow flexion of the arm at the elbow?

Answer 42

Bicep

Question 43

Which muscle contracts to allow flexion of the leg at the knee?

Answer 43

Hamstring

Question 44

Which muscle contracts to allow extension of the leg at the hip?

Answer 44

Gleuteus maximus

Question 45

Which muscle contracts to allow abduction of the upper arm at the shoulder?

Answer 45

Deltoid

Question 46

Which muscle contracts to allow flexion of the trunk?

Answer 46

Abdominals

Question 47

What are the two types of muscle contraction?

Answer 47

Isotonic and isometric

Question 48

What type of bone is the ulna?

Answer 48

Long bone

Question 49

What is the definition of oxygen debt?

Answer 49

The amount of oxygen consumed during recovery above that which would have ordinarily been consumed in the same time at rest.

Question 50

What are the long term effects of exercise on the respiratory system?

Answer 50

Increased lung capacity, increased vital capacity and increased number of alveoli.

Question 51

What is the definition of 'tidal volume'?

Answer 51

During normal breathing, the total amount breathed in and out in one cycle.

Question 52

What is the definition of 'vital capacity'?

Answer 52

The maximum you can forcibly breathe in and out.

Question 53

What are the two main types of muscle contractions?

Answer 53

Isotonic and isometric

Question 54

What does isotonic contraction involve?

Answer 54

Movement

Question 55

What does an isometric contraction involve?

Answer 55

An isometric contraction has no visible movement