Body Systems 2 Flashcards
Fertilization takes place in the ___ ___.
Fallopian tube
The foetus develops within a sac containing ___ ___ to protect against injury.
Amniotic fluid
Oxygen and nutrients are obtained from ___ ___ through the placenta.
Maternal blood
Hey 16 weeks the foetus is covered in fine ___ ___.
Lanugo hair
Vernix eases the baby’s passage down the ___ ___.
Birth canal
Pregnancy normally lasts for two weeks from the first day of a woman’s last ___ ___.
Menstrual period
During labour, ___ ___ become stronger and more regular.
Uterine contractions
Having more than one foetus in the womb is known as a ___ ___.
Multiple pregnancy
A fully ___ ___Has an opening for about 10 cm.
Dilated Curvex
A ___ ___Is when the baby is lying had upwards before delivery.
Breech position
___ ___ allows the midwife to check the unborn baby’s heart rate before labour.
Foetal Monitoring
After the baby has been born in the midwife clamps the ___ ___ in two places.
Umbilical cord
A ___ ___Will often be placed in an incubator.
Premature baby
In the urinary system, waste is eliminated by the ___.
Kidney
A filtrate of water, ion small molecules is separated from the blood which comes from the ___.
Renal artery
A kidney consists of about 1 million units which are called ___.
Nephrons
Each nephron is a complicated structure positioned partly in the ___ and partly in the ___.
Meddler
Cortex and kidney
The glomeruli and proximal convoluted tubules are situated in the ___.
Renal cortex
The ___ is a coiled mass of capillaries which are surrounded by specialized cells.
Glowerali
Fluid leaves the ___ and passes into the ___ of the nephron.
Capillaries
Lumen
The electrolyte composition of the blood is reflected in the ___.
Urinary filtrate
Plasma proteins and blood are retained in the ___.
Capillaries
In the ___ convoluted tubule, sodium ions are pumped back into the body.
Proximal
Sugars and amino acids are absorbed from the ___ and most of the water is recovered by the end of the ___.
Filtrate
Proximal convoluted tubule
In the ___, the composition of the filtrate is hardly altered but a gradient of ___ concentration is set up.
Loop of Henle
Sodium
Water and ions are further recovered in the ___.
Distal convoluted tubule
Collecting ___ are formed by several distal convoluted tubules.
Ducts
In the collecting ducts, ions and small molecules such as urea are ___ but ___ is lost to the surroundings.
Retained
Water
___ is transported in the ureters from each kidney to the ___ where it is stored.
Urine
Bladder
When the volume of urine reaches between ___ and ___ ml a desire to void urine is felt.
200
300
Urine is conveyed from the bladder to the ___ via the ___.
Exterior
Urethra
After births secretions from this feed the baby.
Breast
A ting mass of cells which grows in the wall of the uterus.
Embryo
This produces the greatest part of the semen.
Prostate gland
One of a pair where female germ cells are produced
Ovary
The expulsion of a mature oocyte into peritoneal cavity.
Ovulation
One of a pair of tubes which carry sperm.
Vas deferens
The chamber where a new individual develops.
Uterus
The production of milk.
Lactation
Lying in the scrotum, they produce sperm.
Testes
The result of this is a zygote.
Fertillization
The channel through which a baby is born.
Vagina
It lies in the Centre of the areola.
Nipple
It is erectile during copulation.
Penis
The time when teenagers become sexually mature.
Puberty
The breakdown and expulsion of the lining of the uterus once a month.
Menstration
Fertilization takes place here.
Uterine tubes
The period of nine months during which a new individual develops.
Pregnancy
When the menstrual cycle ceases in women of 45-55 years of age.
Menopause
What is the function of:
The greasy horny layer?
Protection against water loss
What is the function of:
Compounds from sweat and sebaceous glands?
Protection against micro-organisms
What is the function of:
Epidermal melanin?
Screen from UV rays
What is the function of:
Increased cell division and replacement?
Sheild against mechanical abrasion
What is the function of:
Nerve endings in the dermis?
Monitoring of the environment
What is the function of:
Synthesis from 7-dehydrocholestrol?
Formation of vitamin D
What is the function of:
Erection of hairs?
Temperature regulation
What is the function of:
Evaporation of sweat?
Temperature regulation
What is the function of:
Control of dermal blood flow?
Temperature regulation
What is the function of:
Conversion of subcutaneous fat?
Energy storage
What is the function of:
Sweat production?
Excretion of mainly salt and water
What is the function of:
Collagen and elastin in the dermis?
Protection against stretching
The ___ system operates by a system of hormones which are (produced) secreted into the ___.
Endocrine
Blood stream
The endocrine system operates by a system of hormones which are (produced) ___ into the blood stream.
Secreted
___ either (increase) excite or (slow) inhibit the antivity of specific cells.
Hormones
Hormones either (increase)___ or (slow)___ the antivity of specific cells.
Excite
Inhibit
Many hormones (join) bind to ___ and this has a (protective) buffer effect against sudden changes.
carrier proteins
Many hormones (join) ___ to carrier proteins and this has a (protective) ___ effect against sudden changes.
Bind
Buffer
Hormone levels generally (go up and down)___ but within limits.
Flocculate
The production of ___ is (alI the time) continuous while the production of ___ is (from time to time) intermittent.
Thyroxine
Hormones
The production of thyroxine is (alI the time) ___ while the production of hormones is (from time to time) ___.
Continuous
Intermittent
Any (imbalance) ___ in the endocrine system can have important (resuts) ___.
Disequilibrium
Consequences
Any (imbalance) disequilibrium in the ___ system can have important (resuts) consequences.
Endocrine
Problems in the endocrine system usually involve (making too much) ___ or (making too little) ___.
Overproduction
Underproduction
___ hormone is important in children to (encourage) stimulate growth.
Growth
Growth hormone is important in children to (encourage) ___ growth.
Stimulate
The adrenal glands (get) ___ some of their blood supply from the renal artery.
Derive
The ___ (get) derive some of their blood supply from the renal artery.
Adrenal glands
The adrenal glands (get) derive some of their blood supply from the ___.
renal artery
___ and ___ are involved in the (utillization) metabolism of calcium.
Calcitonin
Parathormone
Calcitonin and parathormone are involved in the (utillization) ___ of calcium.
Metabolism
Calcitonin and parathormone are involved in the (utillization) metabolism of ___.
Calcium
___ (heeps) maintains plasma calcium levels within normal limits.
Parathormone
Parathormone (heeps) ___ plasma calcium levels within normal limits.
Maintains
Parathormone (heeps) maintains ___ within normal limits.
Plasma calcium levels
___ is the most important (controller) regulator of sodium and potassium.
Aldosterone
Aldosterone is the most important (controller) ___ of sodium and potassium.
Regulator
Aldosterone is the most important (controller) regulator of ___ and ___.
Sodium
Potassium
___ (speeds up) accelerates the release of energy in the tissues.
Thyroxine
Thyroxine (speeds up) ___ the release of energy in the tissues.
Accelerates
Thyroxine (speeds up) accelerates the release of ___ in the ___.
Energy
Tissues
When a patient refers to the white of the eye he means the:
Sclera
The lacrimal gland produces:
Tears
The yellow spot in the eye is the:
Fovea
The eye photoreceptors are:
Rods and cones
To blink is to:
To contract the lateral rectus
The ear drum is the:
Cochlea
The stirrup is:
Stapes
The ear lobe is the:
Pinna
The round window is the:
Fenestra cochleae
The Eustachian tube allows our ears to:
Pop
Cerulean is known as:
Wax
