Body Systems Flashcards by Ceendi da Potato

Acne

Integumentary System - composed of the skin, hair, nails, sebaceous glands, sweat glands

The skin has 4 main functions
1. Protection
2. Temperature regulation
3. Secretion of sweat or oil
4. Sensation of pain, touch, temperature, and pressure

Skin inflammation resulting from overactive oil glands at the base of air follicles

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Albinism

Integumentary System - composed of the skin, hair, nails, sebaceous glands, sweat glands

The skin has 4 main functions
1. Protection
2. Temperature regulation
3. Secretion of sweat or oil
4. Sensation of pain, touch, temperature, and pressure

A condition of partial or total lack of pigment, affecting the skin, hair, and eyes

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Alopecia

Integumentary System - composed of the skin, hair, nails, sebaceous glands, sweat glands

The skin has 4 main functions
1. Protection
2. Temperature regulation
3. Secretion of sweat or oil
4. Sensation of pain, touch, temperature, and pressure

Baldness or hair loss, that may be in patches or total

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Anhidrosis

An inability to sweat, may cause heat intolerance

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Boil

A skin abscess resulting from a localized deep skin infection

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Callus

Localized thickening of the upper skin layer due to repetitive friction

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Carbuncle

A large skin abscess, usually caused by bacteria, that may have multiple openings with pustular drainage

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Cellulitis

A deep, subcutaneous skin infection that may be caused by normal flora, bacteria, or from damage to the skin; most commonly affects the face and lower legs

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Corn

A type of callus that usually occurs on the toes or fingers; usually characterized by a yellowish appearance and an elliptical shape

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Debridement

Removal of dead or damaged tissues using chemicals, mechanical rubbing, surgery, or other methods; it promotes the healing of newer, healthy tissue

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Dermatitis

Any skin inflammation, this includes rashes and eczema

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Dermomycosis

A fungal skin condition caused by dermatophytes or similar fungi

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Ecchymosis

A small skin or mucous membrane hemorrhage, it appears as a flat, round, or irregular bluish/purplish patch

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Eczema

An inflammation of the epidermis that appears red, dry or cracked and swollen patches that itch and may exhibit drainage or bleeding

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Gangrene

Decay of a body tissue resulting in a blackened appearance and foul-smelling odor; it is a complication of cell death caused by infection or ischemia

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Hives (urticaria)

Caused by fluid leakage from blood vessles into the layer just beneath the skin’s surface, it may appear as welts (wheals) or in larger patches

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Impetigo

A bacterial skin infection common in children; it appears as honey-colored scabs usually on the arms, legs, or face

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Jaundice

A yellowish discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and the whites (sclera) of the eyes caused by increased levesl of bilirubin in the blood

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Keloid

A type of scar that results in overgrowth of tissue that may be firm, rubbery, shiny, or consisting of fibrous nodules; a keloid can vary widley in color

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Melanoma

A malignant melanocyte tumor mostly affecting the skin (some eyes or bowels) that is rare but serious; melanoma causes most skin cancer- related deaths

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Mole

A small, darkened skin spot that may be raised or flat, that is usually benign, but may be malignant; moles that change size color or shape should be evaluated by a dermatologist

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Pruritis

Severe itching

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Purpura

Purplish discoloration of the skin caused by extravasation of the blood into the tissues

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Scar

The tough skin that replaces skin damaged by injury

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Seborrhea ## Footnote Integumentary System - composed of the skin, hair, nails, sebaceous glands, sweat glands The skin has 4 main functions 1. Protection 2. Temperature regulation 3. Secretion of sweat or oil 4. Sensation of pain, touch, temperature, and pressure

A skin condition characterized by overproduction of the oil glands into the skin

Sebum ## Footnote Integumentary System - composed of the skin, hair, nails, sebaceous glands, sweat glands The skin has 4 main functions 1. Protection 2. Temperature regulation 3. Secretion of sweat or oil 4. Sensation of pain, touch, temperature, and pressure

Naturally produced skin oil from the sebaceous glands

Vitiligo ## Footnote Integumentary System - composed of the skin, hair, nails, sebaceous glands, sweat glands The skin has 4 main functions 1. Protection 2. Temperature regulation 3. Secretion of sweat or oil 4. Sensation of pain, touch, temperature, and pressure

A skin condition characterized by patches of skin that lack pigmentation, surrounded by normally pigmented skin

Xeroderma ## Footnote Integumentary System - composed of the skin, hair, nails, sebaceous glands, sweat glands The skin has 4 main functions 1. Protection 2. Temperature regulation 3. Secretion of sweat or oil 4. Sensation of pain, touch, temperature, and pressure

A dermatologic condition characterized by rough, dry skin

Xerosis ## Footnote Integumentary System - composed of the skin, hair, nails, sebaceous glands, sweat glands The skin has 4 main functions 1. Protection 2. Temperature regulation 3. Secretion of sweat or oil 4. Sensation of pain, touch, temperature, and pressure

Excessive dryness of the skin, mucous membranes, or eyes

Amputation ## Footnote Muscular System - composed of all the muscles in the body Classified according to function and appearance, the three types of muscle tissue are: skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle

Removal of a limb, part, or other appendage

Ataxia ## Footnote Muscular System - composed of all the muscles in the body Classified according to function and appearance, the three types of muscle tissue are: skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle

Muscle incoordination, ataxia is often a sign of toxicity of a drug that affects the centeral nervous system; for example, and unsteady gait

Atrophy ## Footnote Muscular System - composed of all the muscles in the body Classified according to function and appearance, the three types of muscle tissue are: skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle

Wasting of a muscular tissue due to disease or poor nutrition; the term can also be applied to wasting of any other organ or tissue

Myalgia ## Footnote Muscular System - composed of all the muscles in the body Classified according to function and appearance, the three types of muscle tissue are: skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle

Pain in a muscle

Myopathy ## Footnote Muscular System - composed of all the muscles in the body Classified according to function and appearance, the three types of muscle tissue are: skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle

Muscle disease

Myoplasty ## Footnote Muscular System - composed of all the muscles in the body Classified according to function and appearance, the three types of muscle tissue are: skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle

Surgical repair of a muscle

Myorrhapy ## Footnote Muscular System - composed of all the muscles in the body Classified according to function and appearance, the three types of muscle tissue are: skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle

Suture of a muscle wound

Myotomy ## Footnote Muscular System - composed of all the muscles in the body Classified according to function and appearance, the three types of muscle tissue are: skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle

Incision into a muscle

Polyplegia ## Footnote Muscular System - composed of all the muscles in the body Classified according to function and appearance, the three types of muscle tissue are: skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle

Paralysis affecting many muscles

Rhabdomyoma ## Footnote Muscular System - composed of all the muscles in the body Classified according to function and appearance, the three types of muscle tissue are: skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle

Tumor of striated (skeletal) muscle tissue

Acetabulum ## Footnote Skeletal System - composed of 206 bones that, along with cartilage, tendons, and ligaments, make up the framework or skeletal of the body

The cup-shaped socket of the hip bone into which the thigh bone fits

Acromion ## Footnote Skeletal System - composed of 206 bones that, along with cartilage, tendons, and ligaments, make up the framework or skeletal of the body

Projection of the scapula that forms the point of the shoulder and articulates with the clavical

Ankylosis ## Footnote Skeletal System - composed of 206 bones that, along with cartilage, tendons, and ligaments, make up the framework or skeletal of the body

Condition of a stiffening of a joint

Arthralgia ## Footnote Skeletal System - composed of 206 bones that, along with cartilage, tendons, and ligaments, make up the framework or skeletal of the body

Pain in a joint

Arthritis ## Footnote Skeletal System - composed of 206 bones that, along with cartilage, tendons, and ligaments, make up the framework or skeletal of the body

Inflammation of a joint

Arthrosis ## Footnote Skeletal System - composed of 206 bones that, along with cartilage, tendons, and ligaments, make up the framework or skeletal of the body

Any disease of a joint, usually some degree of degeneration of the joint is present

Collagen ## Footnote Skeletal System - composed of 206 bones that, along with cartilage, tendons, and ligaments, make up the framework or skeletal of the body

The primary protein found in bone, cartilage, and connective tissue. Collagen provides strength and support for these structures

Crainectomy ## Footnote Skeletal System - composed of 206 bones that, along with cartilage, tendons, and ligaments, make up the framework or skeletal of the body

Incision into the skull

Dislocation ## Footnote Skeletal System - composed of 206 bones that, along with cartilage, tendons, and ligaments, make up the framework or skeletal of the body

Displacement of a bone from a joint

Flatfoot ## Footnote Skeletal System - composed of 206 bones that, along with cartilage, tendons, and ligaments, make up the framework or skeletal of the body

Abnormal flatness of the sole and arch of the foot

Hallux ## Footnote Skeletal System - composed of 206 bones that, along with cartilage, tendons, and ligaments, make up the framework or skeletal of the body

Big or great toe

Hydrarthrosis ## Footnote Skeletal System - composed of 206 bones that, along with cartilage, tendons, and ligaments, make up the framework or skeletal of the body

Accumulation of watery fluid in the cavity of a joint

Lumbodynia ## Footnote Skeletal System - composed of 206 bones that, along with cartilage, tendons, and ligaments, make up the framework or skeletal of the body

Pain in the lower back

Osteoarthritis ## Footnote Skeletal System - composed of 206 bones that, along with cartilage, tendons, and ligaments, make up the framework or skeletal of the body

Inflammation of the bones and joints

Osteoblast ## Footnote Skeletal System - composed of 206 bones that, along with cartilage, tendons, and ligaments, make up the framework or skeletal of the body

Bone-forming cell

Osteochondritis ## Footnote Skeletal System - composed of 206 bones that, along with cartilage, tendons, and ligaments, make up the framework or skeletal of the body

Inflammation of the bone and cartilage

Osteomalacia ## Footnote Skeletal System - composed of 206 bones that, along with cartilage, tendons, and ligaments, make up the framework or skeletal of the body

Softening of the bones

Osteomylitis ## Footnote Skeletal System - composed of 206 bones that, along with cartilage, tendons, and ligaments, make up the framework or skeletal of the body

Inflammation of the bone due to infection

Osteopenia ## Footnote Skeletal System - composed of 206 bones that, along with cartilage, tendons, and ligaments, make up the framework or skeletal of the body

Deficiency of bone tissue, regardless of the cause

Osteotome ## Footnote Skeletal System - composed of 206 bones that, along with cartilage, tendons, and ligaments, make up the framework or skeletal of the body

Instrument used for cutting bone

Polyarthritis ## Footnote Skeletal System - composed of 206 bones that, along with cartilage, tendons, and ligaments, make up the framework or skeletal of the body

Inflammation of more than one joint

Spondylitis ## Footnote Skeletal System - composed of 206 bones that, along with cartilage, tendons, and ligaments, make up the framework or skeletal of the body

Inflammation of one or more vertebrae

Sprain ## Footnote Skeletal System - composed of 206 bones that, along with cartilage, tendons, and ligaments, make up the framework or skeletal of the body

Twisting of a joint that causes pain and disability

Tendonitis ## Footnote Skeletal System - composed of 206 bones that, along with cartilage, tendons, and ligaments, make up the framework or skeletal of the body

Inflammation of a tendon

Acetylcholine ## Footnote Nervous system - coordinates all body activities Consists of: The Central Nervous System - the brain and spinal cord The Peripheral Nervous System - connects the central nervous system to organs and limbs

A chemical released from the ends of certain nerve fibers. It stimulates other nerves or muscle fibers to react

Akinesia ## Footnote Nervous system - coordinates all body activities Consists of: The Central Nervous System - the brain and spinal cord The Peripheral Nervous System - connects the central nervous system to organs and limbs

Loss or lack of the power of voluntary motion

Amnesia ## Footnote Nervous system - coordinates all body activities Consists of: The Central Nervous System - the brain and spinal cord The Peripheral Nervous System - connects the central nervous system to organs and limbs

Loss of memory, usually memory of specific period of time

Analgesia ## Footnote Nervous system - coordinates all body activities Consists of: The Central Nervous System - the brain and spinal cord The Peripheral Nervous System - connects the central nervous system to organs and limbs

The relief of pain

Anesthesia ## Footnote Nervous system - coordinates all body activities Consists of: The Central Nervous System - the brain and spinal cord The Peripheral Nervous System - connects the central nervous system to organs and limbs

Loss or lack of the sense of feeling

Aphagia ## Footnote Nervous system - coordinates all body activities Consists of: The Central Nervous System - the brain and spinal cord The Peripheral Nervous System - connects the central nervous system to organs and limbs

Loss or lack of the ability to ear or swallow

Aphasia

Inability to speak due to brain disorder. Communicate in writing, singing

Bradykinesia ## Footnote Nervous system - coordinates all body activities Consists of: The Central Nervous System - the brain and spinal cord The Peripheral Nervous System - connects the central nervous system to organs and limbs

Abnormal slowness of motion

Coma ## Footnote Nervous system - coordinates all body activities Consists of: The Central Nervous System - the brain and spinal cord The Peripheral Nervous System - connects the central nervous system to organs and limbs

Unconscious state or stupor from which a patient cannot be aroused

Craniectomy ## Footnote Nervous system - coordinates all body activities Consists of: The Central Nervous System - the brain and spinal cord The Peripheral Nervous System - connects the central nervous system to organs and limbs

Surgical excision of a portion of the skull

Dyslexia ## Footnote Nervous system - coordinates all body activities Consists of: The Central Nervous System - the brain and spinal cord The Peripheral Nervous System - connects the central nervous system to organs and limbs

Condition which individual has difficulty using and comprehending written language

Dysphasia ## Footnote Nervous system - coordinates all body activities Consists of: The Central Nervous System - the brain and spinal cord The Peripheral Nervous System - connects the central nervous system to organs and limbs

Impairment of speech caused by brain lesion

Encephalitis ## Footnote Nervous system - coordinates all body activities Consists of: The Central Nervous System - the brain and spinal cord The Peripheral Nervous System - connects the central nervous system to organs and limbs

Inflammation of the brain

Hemiparesis ## Footnote Nervous system - coordinates all body activities Consists of: The Central Nervous System - the brain and spinal cord The Peripheral Nervous System - connects the central nervous system to organs and limbs

Slight paralysis that affects one side of the body

Hemiplegia ## Footnote Nervous system - coordinates all body activities Consists of: The Central Nervous System - the brain and spinal cord The Peripheral Nervous System - connects the central nervous system to organs and limbs

Paralysis of one half of the body, median sagittal plane

Hydrocephalus ## Footnote Nervous system - coordinates all body activities Consists of: The Central Nervous System - the brain and spinal cord The Peripheral Nervous System - connects the central nervous system to organs and limbs

Condition of increased amount of cerebrospinal fluid within brain

Hypnosis ## Footnote Nervous system - coordinates all body activities Consists of: The Central Nervous System - the brain and spinal cord The Peripheral Nervous System - connects the central nervous system to organs and limbs

Artificially induced trancelike state resembling sleepwalking

Meningitis ## Footnote Nervous system - coordinates all body activities Consists of: The Central Nervous System - the brain and spinal cord The Peripheral Nervous System - connects the central nervous system to organs and limbs

Inflammation of the meninges of the spinal cord or brain

Narcolepsy ## Footnote Nervous system - coordinates all body activities Consists of: The Central Nervous System - the brain and spinal cord The Peripheral Nervous System - connects the central nervous system to organs and limbs

Chronic condition with recurrent attacks of uncontrollable drowsiness and sleep

Neuralgia ## Footnote Nervous system - coordinates all body activities Consists of: The Central Nervous System - the brain and spinal cord The Peripheral Nervous System - connects the central nervous system to organs and limbs

Pain in a nerve or nerves

Neuritis ## Footnote Nervous system - coordinates all body activities Consists of: The Central Nervous System - the brain and spinal cord The Peripheral Nervous System - connects the central nervous system to organs and limbs

Inflammation of a nerve

Paraplegia ## Footnote Nervous system - coordinates all body activities Consists of: The Central Nervous System - the brain and spinal cord The Peripheral Nervous System - connects the central nervous system to organs and limbs

Paralysis of the lower part of the body, including both legs

Paresthesia ## Footnote Nervous system - coordinates all body activities Consists of: The Central Nervous System - the brain and spinal cord The Peripheral Nervous System - connects the central nervous system to organs and limbs

Abnormal sensation, feeling numbness or tingling

Poliomyelitis ## Footnote Nervous system - coordinates all body activities Consists of: The Central Nervous System - the brain and spinal cord The Peripheral Nervous System - connects the central nervous system to organs and limbs

Inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord

Quadriplegia (tetraplegia) ## Footnote Nervous system - coordinates all body activities Consists of: The Central Nervous System - the brain and spinal cord The Peripheral Nervous System - connects the central nervous system to organs and limbs

Paralysis of all four extremeties due to injury to the spinal cord in cervical spine

Sciatica ## Footnote Nervous system - coordinates all body activities Consists of: The Central Nervous System - the brain and spinal cord The Peripheral Nervous System - connects the central nervous system to organs and limbs

Severe pain along the course of the sciatic nerve (back, leg, feet)

Syncope ## Footnote Nervous system - coordinates all body activities Consists of: The Central Nervous System - the brain and spinal cord The Peripheral Nervous System - connects the central nervous system to organs and limbs

Sudden drop in blood pressure that leads to fainting or the sensation of fainting

Audiology ## Footnote Sensory System The special senses of the sensory system include sight, hearing, taste, smell Ears - organs of hearing and balance Three sections: the outer, middle, and inner The ear canal (outer ear), conducts sound waves to the eardrum, a thin membrane is stretched over the entrance to the middle ear Eyes - detect light and send signals along the optic nerve to the brain to interpert color, shape and dimension

The study of hearing disorders

Cerumen ## Footnote Sensory System The special senses of the sensory system include sight, hearing, taste, smell Ears - organs of hearing and balance Three sections: the outer, middle, and inner The ear canal (outer ear), conducts sound waves to the eardrum, a thin membrane is stretched over the entrance to the middle ear Eyes - detect light and send signals along the optic nerve to the brain to interpert color, shape and dimension

Earwax, yellowish substance secreted by the glands in the external ear canal

Cochlea ## Footnote Sensory System The special senses of the sensory system include sight, hearing, taste, smell Ears - organs of hearing and balance Three sections: the outer, middle, and inner The ear canal (outer ear), conducts sound waves to the eardrum, a thin membrane is stretched over the entrance to the middle ear Eyes - detect light and send signals along the optic nerve to the brain to interpert color, shape and dimension

The portion of the inner ear that is shaped like a snail shell, contains the organ of hearing (organ of Corti)

Eustachian tube ## Footnote Sensory System The special senses of the sensory system include sight, hearing, taste, smell Ears - organs of hearing and balance Three sections: the outer, middle, and inner The ear canal (outer ear), conducts sound waves to the eardrum, a thin membrane is stretched over the entrance to the middle ear Eyes - detect light and send signals along the optic nerve to the brain to interpert color, shape and dimension

The narrow tube between the middle ear and the throat that serves to equalize pressure on both sides of the eardrum

Incus ## Footnote Sensory System The special senses of the sensory system include sight, hearing, taste, smell Ears - organs of hearing and balance Three sections: the outer, middle, and inner The ear canal (outer ear), conducts sound waves to the eardrum, a thin membrane is stretched over the entrance to the middle ear Eyes - detect light and send signals along the optic nerve to the brain to interpert color, shape and dimension

The middle of three ossicles in the middle ear, aka anvil

Labyrinth ## Footnote Sensory System The special senses of the sensory system include sight, hearing, taste, smell Ears - organs of hearing and balance Three sections: the outer, middle, and inner The ear canal (outer ear), conducts sound waves to the eardrum, a thin membrane is stretched over the entrance to the middle ear Eyes - detect light and send signals along the optic nerve to the brain to interpert color, shape and dimension

The inner ear it is made up of the vestibule, cochlea and semicircular canals

Malleus ## Footnote Sensory System The special senses of the sensory system include sight, hearing, taste, smell Ears - organs of hearing and balance Three sections: the outer, middle, and inner The ear canal (outer ear), conducts sound waves to the eardrum, a thin membrane is stretched over the entrance to the middle ear Eyes - detect light and send signals along the optic nerve to the brain to interpert color, shape and dimension

The largest of the three ossicles also called the hammer

Presbycusis ## Footnote Sensory System The special senses of the sensory system include sight, hearing, taste, smell Ears - organs of hearing and balance Three sections: the outer, middle, and inner The ear canal (outer ear), conducts sound waves to the eardrum, a thin membrane is stretched over the entrance to the middle ear Eyes - detect light and send signals along the optic nerve to the brain to interpert color, shape and dimension

Impairment of hearing that occurs with aging

Stapes ## Footnote Sensory System The special senses of the sensory system include sight, hearing, taste, smell Ears - organs of hearing and balance Three sections: the outer, middle, and inner The ear canal (outer ear), conducts sound waves to the eardrum, a thin membrane is stretched over the entrance to the middle ear Eyes - detect light and send signals along the optic nerve to the brain to interpert color, shape and dimension

The innermost of the ossicles in the middle ear also called the stirrup

Tinnitus ## Footnote Sensory System The special senses of the sensory system include sight, hearing, taste, smell Ears - organs of hearing and balance Three sections: the outer, middle, and inner The ear canal (outer ear), conducts sound waves to the eardrum, a thin membrane is stretched over the entrance to the middle ear Eyes - detect light and send signals along the optic nerve to the brain to interpert color, shape and dimension

Ringing or jingling sound in the ear

Tympanectomy ## Footnote Sensory System The special senses of the sensory system include sight, hearing, taste, smell Ears - organs of hearing and balance Three sections: the outer, middle, and inner The ear canal (outer ear), conducts sound waves to the eardrum, a thin membrane is stretched over the entrance to the middle ear Eyes - detect light and send signals along the optic nerve to the brain to interpert color, shape and dimension

Surgical excision of the tympanic membrane (eardrum)

Utricle ## Footnote Sensory System The special senses of the sensory system include sight, hearing, taste, smell Ears - organs of hearing and balance Three sections: the outer, middle, and inner The ear canal (outer ear), conducts sound waves to the eardrum, a thin membrane is stretched over the entrance to the middle ear Eyes - detect light and send signals along the optic nerve to the brain to interpert color, shape and dimension

Small saclike structure of the labyrinth of the inner ear

Vertigo ## Footnote Sensory System The special senses of the sensory system include sight, hearing, taste, smell Ears - organs of hearing and balance Three sections: the outer, middle, and inner The ear canal (outer ear), conducts sound waves to the eardrum, a thin membrane is stretched over the entrance to the middle ear Eyes - detect light and send signals along the optic nerve to the brain to interpert color, shape and dimension

A sensation of instability and the loss of equilibrium