Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomie- geneeskunde > Body Systems > Flashcards

Body Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Skeleton consists of

A

Cartilage and bone. Axial and appendicular skeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Axial skeleton

A

Consists of the bones of the skull and vertebral column, ribs and sternum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Appendicular skeleton

A

Consists of the bones of the upper and lower limbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Cartilage definition

A

And avascular form of connective tissue consisting of extra cellular fibres embedded in a matrix that contain cells, localised and small cavities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

In weight bearing areas/areas prone to pulling forces

A

Amount of collagen is greatly increased, cartilage is almost inextensible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

When weight bearing/stress demands are less

A

Cartilage contains more elastic fibres and fewer collagen fibres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cartilage function

A

-support soft tissues
- provide a smooth gliding surface for bone articulations at joints
-enable the development and growth of long bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

3 types of cartilage

A

Hyaline (most common), elastic and fibrocartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Hyaline

A

Matrix contains a moderate amount of collagen fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Elastic cartilage

A

Matrix contains collagen fibres alongside a large number of elastic fibres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

Matrix contains a limited number of cells and ground substance amidst a substantial amount of collagen fibres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Bone definition

A

A calcified, living, connective tissue that forms majority of the skeleton. Consists of an intercellular calcified matrix, containing collagen fibres and several types of cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Bone functions

A
  • supportive structures for the body
  • protector of vital organs
  • reservoirs of calcium and phosphorus
  • levers on which muscles act to move
  • containers for blood producing cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Two types of bone

A

-compact (trabecular)
-spongy (cancellous)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Compact bone

A

Dense bone that forms the outershell of all bones and surrounds spongy bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Spongy bone

A

Consists of spicules of bone enclosing cavities, containing blood-forming cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Long bones

A

Tubular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Short bones

A

Cuboidal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Flat bones

A

Consists of two compact bone plates, seperated by spongy bone (skull)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Irregular bones

A

Bones with various shapes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Round or oval bones

A

Sesamoid bones (develop in tendons)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Bones are

A

Vascular and innervated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Joint definition

A

The sites where two skeletal elements come together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Types of joints

A

Synovial and solid joints

25
Q

Synovial joints

A

Connections between skeletal components where the elements involved are seperated by a narrow articulate cavity

26
Q

Synovial joint characteristics

A
  • 1st a layer of hyaline cartilage covers the articulating surfaces of the skeletal elements.
  • joint capsule. Consists of an inner synovial membrane and outer fibrous membrane

-presence of additional structures, like articular discs, fat pads and tendons

27
Q

Synovial membrane

A

Attaches to the margins of the joint surfaces at the interface between the cartilage and bone, enclosing an articular cavity.

28
Q

Fibrous membrane

A

Formed by dense connective tissue and surrounds/stabilises joint

29
Q

Types of synovial joints

A

Plane, hinge, pivot, bicondylar, condylar, saddle joint and ball and socket joint.

30
Q

Plane joints

A

sliding or gliding movements when one bone moves across the surface of another

31
Q

Hinge joints

A

Movement around one axis that passes transversely through the joint permit flexion and extension.

32
Q

Pivot joint

A

Movement around one axis that passes longitudinally

33
Q

Bicondylar joints

A

Movement in one axis with limited rotation around a second axis

34
Q

Condylar (ellipsoid) joints-

A

Movement around two axes that are right angles to eachother

35
Q

Saddle joint

A

Movement around two axes at right angles to eachother, articular surfaces are saddle shaped

36
Q

Ball and socket joints

A

Movement around multiple axes

37
Q

Solid joint definition

A

Connections between skeletal elements where the adjacent surfaces are linked together by fibrous connective tissue
/fibrocartilage.

38
Q

Types of fibrous solid joints

A

Sutures (in skull where bones are linked by a thin layer of connective tissue)

Gomphoses (occur between the teeth and adjacent bone)

Syndesmosis- two adjacent bones are linked by a ligament.

39
Q

Types of cartilaginous solid joints

A

Synchondroses- 2 ossification centers in bone remain seperated by a layer of cartilage.

Symphes- two seperate bones are separated by cartilage.

40
Q

Skin

A

Largest organ of the body consists of the dermis and epidermis

41
Q

Epidermis

A

Outer cellular layer of stratified squamous epithelium (avascular and varies in thickness)

42
Q

Dermis

A

Dense bed of vascular, connective tissue

43
Q

Skin function

A

Acts as a mechanical and permeability barrier and as a sensory and thermoregulatory organ. It can initiate primary immune responses

44
Q

Fascia

A

Connective tissue containing varying amounts of fat that seperate, support and interconnect organs and structures and allow the transit of vessels and nerves from one area to another.

45
Q

Superficial (subcutaneous)fascia

A

Lies deep to and is attached to the dermis of the skin. It is made up of loose connective tissue (containing large amount of fat). Thickness varies over body

46
Q

Superficial fascia function

A

Allows movement of skin over deeper areas of the body. Acts and a conduit for vessels and nerves, acts as a fat/energy reservoir

47
Q

Deep fascia

A

Dense connective tissue. Outer layer is attached to the deep surface of the superficial fascia and and forms a thin fibrous covering over the deeper region of the body.

48
Q

Deep fascia function

A

Categorise groups of muscles with similar functions and innervation.

Surrounds individual muscles, vessels and nerves forming an investing fascia.

Retinacula- thicker fascia holding tendons in place

49
Q

Extraperitoneal fascia

A

Layer of deep fascia separating the membrane lining the abdominal cavity.

50
Q

Muscular system consists of

A

Skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle and smooth muscle.

51
Q

Muscles can be controlled

A

Voluntarily or involuntarily

52
Q

Muscles appear

A

Striated (striped) or smooth

53
Q

Muscles associated with body wall

A

Somatic

54
Q

Muscles associated with blood vessels and organs

A

Visceral

55
Q

Skeletal muscle

A

Forms majority of muscle tissue in the body. It consists of parallel bundles of long multinucleated fibres with transverse stripes. Capable of powerful contractions, innervated by somatic and branchial motor nerves

56
Q

Muscle function

A

The muscle moves bone and other structures and provides form and shape to the body

57
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

Striated muscle found only in the walls of the heart.
Contractions are less powerful- resistant to fatigue. Innervated by visceral motor nerves

58
Q

Smooth muscle

A

Absence of stripes consists of elongated or spindle-shaped fibres capable of slow and sustained contractions. It is found in the walls of blood vessels. Innervated by visceral motor nerves

Anatomie- geneeskunde (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions