body systems Flashcards
Integumentary System
Components: Skin, and associated structures such as hair, fingernails, toenails, sweat glands, and oil glands.
Function: protects the body, regulates body temperature, eliminates some wastes, and detects sensations.
Skeletal System
Components: Bones and joints, along with their associated cartilages.
function: supports and protects the body, aids body movement, and houses cells that produce blood cells.
Muscular System
Components: skeletal muscle tissue - muscle attached to bone.
Function: body movements, maintains posture, produces heat.
Nervous system
Components: brain, spinal cord, nerves, sensory organs such as eyes and ears.
function: generate nerve impulses (action potentials) to regulate body activities, detects changes in the body’s internal and external environments.
Endocrine system
Components: hormone-producing glands (pineal gland, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thymus, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries, and testes.)
function: regulates body activities by producing hormones.
Cardiovascular system
Components: blood, heart, and blood vessels.
Function: The heart pumps blood through blood vessels, blood carries oxygen and nutrients to cells, and carbon dioxide and wastes away from the cells. Blood components help defend against disease and repair damaged blood vessels.
lymphatic system
Components: lymphatic fluid, and vessels: spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, and tonsils. Cells that carry out immune responses (B cells, T cells, and others.)
Function: returns proteins and fluids to blood; carries lipids from the gastrointestinal tract to blood. Contains sites of maturation and proliferation of B cells and T cells that protect against disease-causing microbes.
respiratory system
Components: lungs and air passageways such as the pharynx (throat) and larynx (voice box), trachea (windpipe), and bronchial tubes leading into and out of the lungs.
Functions: Transfers oxygen from inhaled air to blood and carbon dioxide from blood to exhaled air; air flowing out of lungs through vocal cords produces sounds.
digestive system
Components: organs of the gastrointestinal tract, a long tube that includes the pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, and anus also accessory organs that aid in digestive processes such as salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.
functions: achieves physical and chemical breakdown of food; absorbs nutrients; eliminates solid wastes.
urinary system
Components: kidney, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra.
functions: produces, stores, and eliminates urine. eliminates wastes and regulates volume and chemical composition of blood. helps regulate production of red blood cells.
reproductive system
Components: Gonads (testes in males and ovaries in females). Uterine tubes (fallopian tubes), uterus, vagina, mammary glands - females, epididymis, ductus or vans deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate, and penis - males.
Function: Gonads produce gametes (sperm or oocytes) that unite to form a new organism. gonads also release hormones that regulate reproduction. mammary glands produce milk.
