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Body Systems > Body Systems > Flashcards

Body Systems Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Gross/macroscopic anatomy?

A

the study of large body structures visible to the naked eye

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2
Q

What is the Regional anatomy?

A

all structures in one area studied together - studying of muscles, bones , blood vessels and nerves of a leg

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3
Q

What is Systemic anatomy?

A

the study of the gross anatomy of bodily systems - studying together the heart and blood vessels of the cardiovascular system

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4
Q

What is the Surface anatomy?

A

the study of internal body structures in relation to the overlying skin surface - locating blood vessels, bones, muscles etc

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5
Q

What is Microscopic anaomy?

A

the study of structures too small to be seen with the naked eye

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6
Q

What is Cytology?

A

the study of cellular anatomy - cervical cytology

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7
Q

What is Histology?

A

the study of the structure of tissues - tumour biopsy

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8
Q

What is Development anatomy?

A

follows structural changes in individuals from conception through to old age

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9
Q

What is Embryology?

A

the study of the developmental changes that occur before birth

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10
Q

What are the levels of organisation in the human body?

A

1 - Chemical (Oxygen atom, Hydrogen)
2 - Molecular (water, proteins, nucleic acid, lipids)
3 - Cellular (neurons, cardiomyocytes)
4 - Tissue (adipose tissues, cardiac tissue)
5 - Organs (Heart, lungs)
6 - Systems (circulatory system, renal system)
7 - Organism

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11
Q

What is Clinical application?

A

non-invasive techniques used to assess certain aspects of body structures and function

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12
Q

What is Palpation?

A

the examiner feels body surfaces with the hand (-pules and heart rate determination)

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13
Q

What is Auscultation?

A

the examiner listens to body sounds to evaluate the functioning of certain organs (listening to lungs or heart0

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14
Q

What is Percussion?

A

the examiner taps on the body surface with the fingertips and listens to the resulting echo

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15
Q

What is Anatomical position?

A

standard reference point
* the body is erect with feet together
* the palms face forward, with the thumbs pointing away from the body
* the terms left and right refer to the sides of the subject being viewed

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16
Q

What are the position of the body?

A
  • lying down
    *lying face up
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17
Q

What is known as when the body is lying face down?

A

the prone position

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18
Q

What is known as when the body is lying face up?

A

the supine position

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19
Q

What is the location of the Superior (cranial, cephalic)?

A

direction towards the head end or upper part of a structure or the body; above

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20
Q

What is the location of the Inferior(caudal)?

A

direction away from the head end or towards the lower part of a structure or the body; below

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21
Q

What is the location of the Anterior(ventral)?

A

direction towards or at the front of the body; in front of

22
Q

What is the location of Posterior(dorsal)?

A

direction towards or at the back of the body; behind

23
Q

What is the location of the Medial(mesial)?

A

direction towards or at the midline of the body; on the inner side of

24
Q

What is the location of the Lateral?

A

direction away from the midline of the body; on the outer side of

25
Q

What is the location of Intermediate?

A

between a more medial and more lateral structures; between two structures

26
Q

What is the location of Proximal?

A

closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

27
Q

What is the location of Distal?

A

farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

28
Q

What is the location of Superfical?

A

direction towards or at the body surface

29
Q

What is the location of the Deep?

A

direction away from the body surface; more internal

30
Q

What is the location of Ipsilateral?

A

on the same side of the body

31
Q

What is the location of the Contralateral?

A

on opposite sides of the body

32
Q

What is Parietal?

A

the outer wall of a body cavity

33
Q

What is the Visceral?

A

the covering of an organ within the ventral body cavity

34
Q

What are planes?

A

they are imaginary flat surfaces that are used to divide the body and organs into definite areas

35
Q

What are the most common anatomical planes?

A
  • sagital
  • frontal
  • transverse
36
Q

What is the sagital anatomical plane?

A

vertical plane that divides bodies into left and right parts
Median” or “Midsagital” plane
lies exactly in the midline of the
body. “Parasagital” planes are
offset from the midline

37
Q

What is the frontal anatomical plane?

A

vertical plane that divides bodies into front (anterior) and back (posterior) parts
This plane is sometimes called
“coronal” plane

38
Q

What is the transverse anatomical plane?

A

Horizontal plane that divides
bodies into top (superior) and
bottom (inferior) parts.
This plane is sometimes called a
“horizontal” plane or a “cross
section”

39
Q

What is the axial?

A

makes up the main axis of the body 9head, neck, trunk)

40
Q

What is the appendicular?

A

consists of the appendages (limbs) that are attached to the body

41
Q

Where is the right hypochondriac located?

A

right liver lobe

42
Q

Where is the right lumbar located?

A

gallbladder and ascending colon

43
Q

Where is the right iliac located?

A

caecum and appendix

44
Q

Where is the epigastric located?

A

left liver lobe and stomach

45
Q

Where is the umbilical located?

A

small intestines and transverse colon

46
Q

Where is the hypogastric located?

A

urinary bladder

47
Q

Where is the left hypochondriac located?

A

stomach

48
Q

Where is the left lumbar located?

A

descending colon

49
Q

Where is the left iliac located?

A

initial portion of the sigmoid colon

50
Q

What does the quadrant scheme include?

A

one transverse and one median sagittal plane which intersects through the umbilicus
* Right upper quadrant (RUQ)
* Right lower quadrant (RLQ).
* Left upper quadrant (LUQ).
* Left lower quadrant (LLQ).

51
Q
A

Body Systems (1 decks)

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