BODY SYSTEMS Flashcards
(23 cards)
What is the digestive system
Converts food we eat into the simplest form like glucose and to extract wast e products
what is respiratory system
The respiratory system takes up oxygen from the air we breathe and expels the unwanted carbon dioxide.
What is excretory system
The function of the excretory system to remove wastes from the body.
immune system
The immune system recognises invaders like bacteria, viruses and fungi. Organs, cells and protein help defend against these things
Circulatory system
The Circulatory system delivers oxygen and nutrients to cells and takes away waste.
Nervous system
The nervous system is made up of the brain, spinal cord and nerves. It controls what you think and feel and what your body does.
Pathogen
A pathogen is a organism causing disease to the host and is a disease producing organism.
Homeostasis
Any self regulating process which an organism tends to maintain stability while adjusting to conditions that are best fit for survival. It involves three parts the receptor, control centre and the effector.
Stimulus
A stimulus is a chemical or physical change in the environment that triggers behavioural change in a living organism.
Example of Stimulus
It is hot outside and the skin [receptor] goes to sensory neuron and the receptor send message to brain to cool off.
Negative feedback loop
A biological response which the effects of a reaction slow or stop the reaction.
Respiratory/Circulatory
-Provide cells with oxygen for energy.
-Remove carbon dioxide.
-Respiratory system inhales and exhales oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Example of Pathogen
Viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites and worms.
diseases/illness pathogen can cause
Common cold, flu, sore throat and ringworm
Non-infection and infectious diseases
Non-infectious diseases can not be spread from one person to another/not contagious like obesity.
Infectious disease can be contagious and are caused by pathogens. Tapeworms, lice, fungi and bacteria.
1st line of defence
1 st line of defence is designed to prevent the entry of invading pathogen. This defence is physical barrier like sin, cough, sneezing and nasal hairs. Chemical barriers 1st line of defence like saliva, tears and stomach acid.
2nd line of defence
If pathogens get through 1st line 2nd line comes into play. If you have a cut and it gets infected the area becomes red, warm and swollen. The redness caused by increased blood flow to the area is a sign your second line of defence is triggered.
3rd line of defence
The Lymphatic system is 3rd line of defence and contains Lymph vessels, Lymph nodes and white blood cells. Once Lymphocytes are triggered your B lymphocytes divide into plasma cells and produce antibodies. They help destruct the invading pathogen.
Passive immunity
Receiving antibodies from an outside source is passive immunity. It means you don’t have memory cells for the infection so you can get the infection and it will be same as the first time.
Active Immunity
If your body makes antibodies to a specific antigen this is active immunity. Memory cells in your body remember the antigen and can make antibodies specific to the antigen.
Difference between nervous and endocrine system.
-Endocrine system uses chemical signalling and the nervous system uses electrical signalling.
-Nervous system signalling is fast. While endocrine system signal transmission is slow.
-Nervous system effect is localised and endocrine system effect is widespread.
Similarities between nervous and endocrine
-They provide the body with ways to communicate to internal and external environments to provide responses.
-Both help maintain homeostasis.
-Both react to stimuli.
Positive feedback loop
In a positive feedback loop feedback serves to identify a response until an endpoint is reached. Example of process by positive feedback in the body is blood clotting or child birth.
