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Science 1st period > Body Systems > Flashcards

Body Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Voluntary

A

Muscle action that is under your control

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2
Q

Involuntary

A

Muscle action that is not under your control

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3
Q

Tendons

A

Strands of tough connective tissue that connect your skeletal muscle to your bones

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4
Q

Aerobic exercise

A

Steady, moderately intense activity

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5
Q

Strain

A

An injury in which a muscle or tendon is overstretched or torn

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6
Q

Tendonitis

A

Inflammation of the tendons

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7
Q

Homeostasis

A

The maintenance of a constant internal state in a changing environment

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8
Q

Ligaments

A

A short band of tough, flexible, fibrous connective tissue that connects two bones or cartilages or holds together a joint.

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9
Q

Fracture

A

To crack or break a bone

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10
Q

Cartilage

A

A firm, elastic, flexible type of connective tissue found in joints as well as ear, nose, rib cage, etc

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11
Q

Joint

A

A place in which two or more bones meet

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12
Q

Cardiovascular system

A

A collection of organs that transport blood throughout the body

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13
Q

Artery

A

A blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart to the body’s organs

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14
Q

Capillary

A

A tiny blood vessel that allows an exchange between blood and cells in other tissue

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15
Q

Vein

A

A blood vessel that carries blood to the heart

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16
Q

Pulmonary circulation

A

The flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart through the pulmonary arteries, capillaries, and veins

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17
Q

Systemic circulation

A

The flow of blood from the heart to all parts of the body and back to the heart

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18
Q

Blood pressure

A

The amount of pressure it takes each heartbeat to pump blood through the arteries

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19
Q

Stroke

A

When blood vessels in the brain become clogged or ruptures, resulting in no oxygen to the brain.

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20
Q

Atherosclerosis (high cholesterol)

A

When excess cholesterol builds up inside the blood vessels, causing them to become narrower and less elastic

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21
Q

Heart attack

A

When heart muscle cells die and part of the heart becomes damaged

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22
Q

Heart failure

A

When the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs

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23
Q

Pharynx

A

The passageway from the mouth to the larynx and esophagus

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24
Q

Respiration

A

The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between living cells and their environment; includes breathing and cellular respiration

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25
Trachea
Windpipe, the tube that connects the lungs and larynx
26
Diaphragm
A dome-shaped muscle beneath the lungs
27
Digestive system
The organs that break down food so that it can be used by the body
28
Chemical digestion
Occurs when large molecules are broken down into nutrients
29
Mechanical digestion
The breaking, crushing, and mashing of food
30
Esophagus
A long, straight tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach
31
Peristalsis
Rhythmic muscle contractions that occur in the esophagus, forcing food down into the stomach
32
Stomach
The sac-like digestive organ between the esophagus and the small intestine that breaks down food into a liquid by the action of muscles, enzymes, and acids
33
Pancreas
An oval organ that lies behind the stomach and that make digestive enzymes and hormones that regulate sugar levels
34
Small intestine
Located between the stomach and large intestine where most of the breakdown of food happens and most of the nutrients from food are absorbed
35
Liver
The largest organ in the body; it makes bile, stores and filters blood, and stores excess sugars
36
Large intestine
The wider and shorter portion of the intestine that removes water from mostly digested food and that turns the waste into semi solid feces, or stool
37
Central Nervous system (CNS)
The brain and spinal cord
38
Peripheral Nervous system (PNS)
All of the parts of the nervous system except for the brain and spinal cord
39
Neuron
A nerve cell that is specialized to receive and conduct electrical impulses
40
Nerve
A collection of nerve fibers (axons) through which impulses travel between the CNS and other parts of the body
41
Brain
The organ that is the main control center of the nervous system
42
Cerebrum
The largest part of your brain where thoughts and memories are stored; this portion of the brain also controls voluntary movement
43
Cerebellum
The second largest part of the brain; processes sensory information from your body (i.e. skeletal, muscles, and joints)
44
Medulla
Part of the brain that connects to the spinal cord; controls involuntary processes
45
Somatic nervous system
Composed of neurons that control voluntary movements (i.e. walking, talking)
45
Somatic nervous system
Composed of neurons that control voluntary movements (i.e. walking, talking)
46
Autonomic nervous system
Composed of neurons that control body functions that operate automatically (i.e. digestion, heart rate)
47
Lymph
The fluid that is collected by the lymphatic vessels and nodes
48
Lymphocytes
A type of white blood cell that helps your body fight pathogens
49
Lymphocytes
A type of white blood cell that helps your body fight pathogens
50
Thymus
The main gland of the lymphatic system; produces T-cells to aid in fighting infection
51
Spleen
The largest lymphatic organ, place where lymphocytes are stored
52
Tonsils
Organs that are small, rounded masses of lymphatic tissue located in the pharynx
53
Tonsillitis
Inflammation of the tonsils
54
Endocrine system
Controls body functions by using chemicals created in the endocrine glands
55
Gland
A group of cells that make special chemicals for the body
56
Hormone
A substance made in one cell or tissue that causes a change in another cell or tissue in a different part of the body
57
Epinephrine
Often called adrenaline; is produced in the adrenal glands, increases heart rate and breathing
58
Metabolism
The sum of all chemical processes that take place in your body
59
Insulin
A chemical produced by the pancreas; helps to control the level of glucose in the blood
60
Diabetes
A hormone imbalance in which the body either does not use insulin properly or the pancreas does not make enough insulin
61
Thyroid gland
Increases the rate in which you use energy
62
Pituitary gland
Located in the brain, secretes hormones that affect other glands and organs
63
Parathyroid glands
Regulate calcium levels in the blood
64
Adrenal glands
Help the body respond to danger
65
Thymus gland
Regulates the immune system, which helps your body fight disease

Science 1st period (2 decks)

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