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Science 1st period > Body Systems > Flashcards

Body Systems Flashcards

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1
Q

Voluntary

A

Muscle action that is under your control

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2
Q

Involuntary

A

Muscle action that is not under your control

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3
Q

Tendons

A

Strands of tough connective tissue that connect your skeletal muscle to your bones

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4
Q

Aerobic exercise

A

Steady, moderately intense activity

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5
Q

Strain

A

An injury in which a muscle or tendon is overstretched or torn

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6
Q

Tendonitis

A

Inflammation of the tendons

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7
Q

Homeostasis

A

The maintenance of a constant internal state in a changing environment

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8
Q

Ligaments

A

A short band of tough, flexible, fibrous connective tissue that connects two bones or cartilages or holds together a joint.

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9
Q

Fracture

A

To crack or break a bone

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10
Q

Cartilage

A

A firm, elastic, flexible type of connective tissue found in joints as well as ear, nose, rib cage, etc

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11
Q

Joint

A

A place in which two or more bones meet

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12
Q

Cardiovascular system

A

A collection of organs that transport blood throughout the body

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13
Q

Artery

A

A blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart to the body’s organs

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14
Q

Capillary

A

A tiny blood vessel that allows an exchange between blood and cells in other tissue

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15
Q

Vein

A

A blood vessel that carries blood to the heart

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16
Q

Pulmonary circulation

A

The flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart through the pulmonary arteries, capillaries, and veins

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17
Q

Systemic circulation

A

The flow of blood from the heart to all parts of the body and back to the heart

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18
Q

Blood pressure

A

The amount of pressure it takes each heartbeat to pump blood through the arteries

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19
Q

Stroke

A

When blood vessels in the brain become clogged or ruptures, resulting in no oxygen to the brain.

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20
Q

Atherosclerosis (high cholesterol)

A

When excess cholesterol builds up inside the blood vessels, causing them to become narrower and less elastic

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21
Q

Heart attack

A

When heart muscle cells die and part of the heart becomes damaged

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22
Q

Heart failure

A

When the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs

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23
Q

Pharynx

A

The passageway from the mouth to the larynx and esophagus

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24
Q

Respiration

A

The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between living cells and their environment; includes breathing and cellular respiration

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25
Q

Trachea

A

Windpipe, the tube that connects the lungs and larynx

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26
Q

Diaphragm

A

A dome-shaped muscle beneath the lungs

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27
Q

Digestive system

A

The organs that break down food so that it can be used by the body

28
Q

Chemical digestion

A

Occurs when large molecules are broken down into nutrients

29
Q

Mechanical digestion

A

The breaking, crushing, and mashing of food

30
Q

Esophagus

A

A long, straight tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach

31
Q

Peristalsis

A

Rhythmic muscle contractions that occur in the esophagus, forcing food down into the stomach

32
Q

Stomach

A

The sac-like digestive organ between the esophagus and the small intestine that breaks down food into a liquid by the action of muscles, enzymes, and acids

33
Q

Pancreas

A

An oval organ that lies behind the stomach and that make digestive enzymes and hormones that regulate sugar levels

34
Q

Small intestine

A

Located between the stomach and large intestine where most of the breakdown of food happens and most of the nutrients from food are absorbed

35
Q

Liver

A

The largest organ in the body; it makes bile, stores and filters blood, and stores excess sugars

36
Q

Large intestine

A

The wider and shorter portion of the intestine that removes water from mostly digested food and that turns the waste into semi solid feces, or stool

37
Q

Central Nervous system (CNS)

A

The brain and spinal cord

38
Q

Peripheral Nervous system (PNS)

A

All of the parts of the nervous system except for the brain and spinal cord

39
Q

Neuron

A

A nerve cell that is specialized to receive and conduct electrical impulses

40
Q

Nerve

A

A collection of nerve fibers (axons) through which impulses travel between the CNS and other parts of the body

41
Q

Brain

A

The organ that is the main control center of the nervous system

42
Q

Cerebrum

A

The largest part of your brain where thoughts and memories are stored; this portion of the brain also controls voluntary movement

43
Q

Cerebellum

A

The second largest part of the brain; processes sensory information from your body (i.e. skeletal, muscles, and joints)

44
Q

Medulla

A

Part of the brain that connects to the spinal cord; controls involuntary processes

45
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

Composed of neurons that control voluntary movements (i.e. walking, talking)

45
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

Composed of neurons that control voluntary movements (i.e. walking, talking)

46
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

Composed of neurons that control body functions that operate automatically (i.e. digestion, heart rate)

47
Q

Lymph

A

The fluid that is collected by the lymphatic vessels and nodes

48
Q

Lymphocytes

A

A type of white blood cell that helps your body fight pathogens

49
Q

Lymphocytes

A

A type of white blood cell that helps your body fight pathogens

50
Q

Thymus

A

The main gland of the lymphatic system; produces T-cells to aid in fighting infection

51
Q

Spleen

A

The largest lymphatic organ, place where lymphocytes are stored

52
Q

Tonsils

A

Organs that are small, rounded masses of lymphatic tissue located in the pharynx

53
Q

Tonsillitis

A

Inflammation of the tonsils

54
Q

Endocrine system

A

Controls body functions by using chemicals created in the endocrine glands

55
Q

Gland

A

A group of cells that make special chemicals for the body

56
Q

Hormone

A

A substance made in one cell or tissue that causes a change in another cell or tissue in a different part of the body

57
Q

Epinephrine

A

Often called adrenaline; is produced in the adrenal glands, increases heart rate and breathing

58
Q

Metabolism

A

The sum of all chemical processes that take place in your body

59
Q

Insulin

A

A chemical produced by the pancreas; helps to control the level of glucose in the blood

60
Q

Diabetes

A

A hormone imbalance in which the body either does not use insulin properly or the pancreas does not make enough insulin

61
Q

Thyroid gland

A

Increases the rate in which you use energy

62
Q

Pituitary gland

A

Located in the brain, secretes hormones that affect other glands and organs

63
Q

Parathyroid glands

A

Regulate calcium levels in the blood

64
Q

Adrenal glands

A

Help the body respond to danger

65
Q

Thymus gland

A

Regulates the immune system, which helps your body fight disease

Science 1st period (2 decks)

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