BODY SYSTEMS Flashcards
superior(cranial)
towards the head end or upper part of the structure or body
inferior (caudal)
away from the head end or towards the lower part of structure or body
anterior (ventral)
towards or at the front of the body
posterior(dorsall)
towards or at the back of the body
medial
towards or at the midline of the body
lateral
away from the midline of the body
proximal
closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attatchment of the limb to the body trunk
distal
farther from the origin of the body part or the point of attatchment of the limb to the body trunk
internal
located inside or further away from the surface
external
located on or near the surface
functions of the skeleton
- shape/support
2.storage - protection
4.movement - blood cell production
fibrous joint
Fibrous joints are defined as the joints in which the bones are connected by fibrous tissue. They are called fixed or immovable joints as they do not allow any movement between the bones.
cartilaginous joints
Cartilaginous joints are a type of joint where the bones are entirely joined by cartilage, either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage. These joints generally allow more movement than fibrous joints but less movement than synovial joints.
synovial joint
synovial joint is the type of joint found between bones that move against each other, such as the joints of the limbs (e.g. shoulder, hip, elbow and knee). Characteristically it has a joint cavity filled with fluid
bony joint
The bony joints are between two or more bones without intervening cartilage or fibrocartilage (excepted articular cartilage). It includes syndesmoses and synovial joints.
function of joints
joints hold the skeleton together and support movement.
pivot joint
Pivot joints hold the two bones of the forearm together. That is, a pivot joint, located near the elbow, joins the bones of the forearm (called the ulna and the radius) to each other.
pivot joint
Pivot joints hold the two bones of the forearm together. That is, a pivot joint, located near the elbow, joins the bones of the forearm (called the ulna and the radius) to each other.
hinge joint
Therefore, a hinge joint is defined as the joint between two bones that allows movement only in one plane. For instance, human fingers, toes, elbows, knees, and ankles contain hinge joints.
ball and socket joint
A ball and socket joint allows movement in all directions. In such joints, the end of one of the bones is round like a ball. It fits into a hollow part (or socket) in the other bone. The bone that ends in a ball, can move in any direction. Examples: Shoulder and hip joints.
condyloid joint
The condyloid joint is a type of synovial joint. In one articular surface of the bone, there is an ovoid convexity in which it articulates with other bone having an ellipsoidal cavity. This joint allows rotation but no movement. For example, jaw and finger joints are condyloid joints.
What are the articulating bones?
The Articulating bones are bones that move within a joint, for example the Articulating bones for the elbow joint are: Humerus. Radius. Ulna.
major muscles
abdominal, pectoral, deltoid, trapezius, latissimus dorsi, erector spinae, biceps, and triceps
muscle contraction
Muscle contraction begins when the nervous system generates a signal. The signal, an impulse called an action potential, travels through a type of nerve cell called a motor neuron.
