BODY SYSTEMS

Question 1

superior(cranial)

Answer 1

towards the head end or upper part of the structure or body

Question 2

inferior (caudal)

Answer 2

away from the head end or towards the lower part of structure or body

Question 3

anterior (ventral)

Answer 3

towards or at the front of the body

Question 4

posterior(dorsall)

Answer 4

towards or at the back of the body

Question 5

medial

Answer 5

towards or at the midline of the body

Question 6

lateral

Answer 6

away from the midline of the body

Question 7

proximal

Answer 7

closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attatchment of the limb to the body trunk

Question 8

distal

Answer 8

farther from the origin of the body part or the point of attatchment of the limb to the body trunk

Question 9

internal

Answer 9

located inside or further away from the surface

Question 10

external

Answer 10

located on or near the surface

Question 11

functions of the skeleton

Answer 11

1. shape/support
   2.storage
2. protection
   4.movement
3. blood cell production

Question 12

fibrous joint

Answer 12

Fibrous joints are defined as the joints in which the bones are connected by fibrous tissue. They are called fixed or immovable joints as they do not allow any movement between the bones.

Question 13

cartilaginous joints

Answer 13

Cartilaginous joints are a type of joint where the bones are entirely joined by cartilage, either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage. These joints generally allow more movement than fibrous joints but less movement than synovial joints.

Question 14

synovial joint

Answer 14

synovial joint is the type of joint found between bones that move against each other, such as the joints of the limbs (e.g. shoulder, hip, elbow and knee). Characteristically it has a joint cavity filled with fluid

Question 15

bony joint

Answer 15

The bony joints are between two or more bones without intervening cartilage or fibrocartilage (excepted articular cartilage). It includes syndesmoses and synovial joints.

Question 16

function of joints

Answer 16

joints hold the skeleton together and support movement.

Question 17

pivot joint

Answer 17

Pivot joints hold the two bones of the forearm together. That is, a pivot joint, located near the elbow, joins the bones of the forearm (called the ulna and the radius) to each other.

Question 18

pivot joint

Answer 18

Pivot joints hold the two bones of the forearm together. That is, a pivot joint, located near the elbow, joins the bones of the forearm (called the ulna and the radius) to each other.

Question 19

hinge joint

Answer 19

Therefore, a hinge joint is defined as the joint between two bones that allows movement only in one plane. For instance, human fingers, toes, elbows, knees, and ankles contain hinge joints.

Question 20

ball and socket joint

Answer 20

A ball and socket joint allows movement in all directions. In such joints, the end of one of the bones is round like a ball. It fits into a hollow part (or socket) in the other bone. The bone that ends in a ball, can move in any direction. Examples: Shoulder and hip joints.

Question 21

condyloid joint

Answer 21

The condyloid joint is a type of synovial joint. In one articular surface of the bone, there is an ovoid convexity in which it articulates with other bone having an ellipsoidal cavity. This joint allows rotation but no movement. For example, jaw and finger joints are condyloid joints.

Question 22

What are the articulating bones?

Answer 22

The Articulating bones are bones that move within a joint, for example the Articulating bones for the elbow joint are: Humerus. Radius. Ulna.

Question 23

major muscles

Answer 23

abdominal, pectoral, deltoid, trapezius, latissimus dorsi, erector spinae, biceps, and triceps

Question 24

muscle contraction

Answer 24

Muscle contraction begins when the nervous system generates a signal. The signal, an impulse called an action potential, travels through a type of nerve cell called a motor neuron.

Question 25

isokinetic

Answer 25

Isokinetic exercise refers to movement at a constant speed regardless of the force applied. Muscles contract and shorten at a constant speed in isokinetic contraction. Isokinetic exercise allows muscles to gain strength consistently all through the range of movement.

Question 26

What is isotonic in muscle contraction?

Answer 26

Contractions that involve shortening of the muscle are referred to as isotonic or concentric contractions. This type of contraction occurs when the force generated by the muscle is greater than the constant load acting on the muscle.

Question 27

isometric

Answer 27

Simply put, an isometric exercise is one that involves muscle engagement without movement. Instead, you pick one position and hold it. For example, in a plank or wall sit, the muscles are working, but not actively changing lengths.

Question 28

slow (type I)

Answer 28

Slow oxidative (SO) fibers contract relatively slowly and use aerobic respiration (oxygen and glucose) to produce ATP. They produce low power contractions over long periods and are slow to fatigue.

Question 29

fast (type II),

Answer 29

Typically, these have lower concentrations of mitochondria, myoglobin, and capillaries compared to our slow-twitch fibers, which means they are quicker to fatigue