BODY SYSTEMS

Question 1

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

Answer 1

Functions

~ Heart pumps blood through blood vessels.

~ Blood carries oxygen and nutrients to cells and carbon dioxide, and wastes away from cells.

~ Blood helps regulate acid-base balance, temperature, and water content of body fluids.

~ Blood components help defend against disease and repair damaged blood vessels.

Components: Blood, heart, and blood vessels.

Question 2

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

Answer 2

Functions

~ Achieves physical and chemical reakdown of food.

~ Absorbs nutrients.

~ Eliminates solid waste.

Components: Mouth, esophagus, stomach, pancreas, liver, gallbladder, pharnyx, salivary gland, rectum, anus, and large and small intestines.

Question 3

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

Answer 3

Functions

~ Regulates body activities by releasing hormones.

Components: Pineal gland, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thymus, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries, and testes.

Question 4

INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

Answer 4

Functions

~ Protects body.

~ Helps regulate body temperature.

~ Eliminates some wastes.

~ Helps make Vitamin D.

~ Detects sensations such as touch, pain, warmth, and cold.

Components: Skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, and oil glands.

Question 5

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

Answer 5

Functions

~ Returns proteins and fluid to blood.

~ Carries lipids from gastrointestinal tract to blood.

~ Contains sites of maturation and proliferation of B cells and T cells that protect against disease causing microbes (immunity).

Components: Lymphatic fluid, spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, tonsils, and cells that carry out immune responses.

Question 6

MUSCULAR SYSTEM

Answer 6

Functions

~ Participates in body movement.

~ Maintains posture.

~ Produces heat.

Components: Skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle tissue.

Question 7

NERVOUS SYSTEM

Answer 7

Functions

~ Generates action potentials (nerve impulses) to regulates body activities.

~ Detects changes in body’s internal and external environments, interprets changes, and responds by causing muscular contractions or glandular secretions.

Components: Brain, spinal cord, nerves, eyes, and ears.

Question 8

REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

Answer 8

Functions

~ Gonads produce gametes (sperm or oocytes) that unite to form a new organism.

~ Gonads also release hormones that regulate reproduction and other body processes.

~ Associated organs transport and store gametes.

~ Mammary glands produce milk.

Components: Gonads (testes and ovaries). Vagina, uterine tubes, uterus, and mammary glands in females. Penis, epididymides, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, and prostate in males.

Question 9

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Answer 9

Functions

~ Transfers oxygen from inhaled air to blood, and carbon dioxide from blood to exhaled air.

~ Helps regulate acid-base balance of body fluids.

~ Air flowing out of lungs through vocal cords produces sounds.

Components: Lungs, pharnyx (throat), larynx (voice box), trachea (windpipe), and bronchial tubes.

Question 10

SKELETAL SYSTEM

Answer 10

Functions

~ Supports and protects body.

~ Provides surface area for muscle attachments.

~ Aids body movements.

~ Houses cells that produce blood cells.

~ Stores minerals and lipids.

Components: Bones, joints, and cartilages.

Question 11

URINARY SYSTEM

Answer 11

Functions

~ Produces, stores, and eliminates urine.

~ Eliminates wastes and regulates volume and chemical composition of blood.

~ Helps maintain the acid-base balance of body fluids.

~ Maintains body’s mineral balance.

~ Helps regulate production of red bloods.

Components: Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra.