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BODY SYSTEM TEST Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the integumentary system

A
  • prevents microorganisms and other substances from entering the body
  • prevents excess amount of water leaving the body
  • protects organs from injury
  • senesces stimulations
  • synthesizes vitamin D
  • regulate body temp
  • excrete waste, sebum, and sweat.
  • Absorbs and helps heal cuts
  • first line of defense
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2
Q

Epidermis

A

cells that produce pigment and protect the immune system

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3
Q

Dermis

A

contain nerve endings, oils, sweat glands, and hair folliciles.

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4
Q

subcutaneous

A

Fat connective tissue with large blood vessels

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5
Q

How many bones in the body

A

206 bones

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6
Q

types of bone

A

Long, short, flat, and irregular

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7
Q

long bones

A

(femur) bear the body’s weight

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8
Q

Short bones

A

(knee caps) allow skill and ease in movement

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9
Q

Flat bones

A

(sternum) protect organs

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10
Q

irregular bones

A

(vertebrae) protection of nerve tissue and support upper trunk

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11
Q

3 types of joints

A

1) ball and socket to allow movements in all direction
2) Hinge allow movement in one direction
3) Pivot, allow movement from side to side

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12
Q

ABDUCTION

A

away

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13
Q

adduction

A

towards

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14
Q

extension

A

open

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15
Q

flexion

A

close

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16
Q

5 main functions of the MS

A

movement, support, protection, heat generation, and blood circulation

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17
Q

Central nervous 3 division

A

Central nervous system (CNS) Peripheral nervous system(PNS) Autonomic nervous system (ANS).

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18
Q

CNS

A

(brain &spinal cord with 12 nerves) integrate information from the peripheral nervous system and respond to it,

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19
Q

PNS

A

(cranial and spinal nerves) communicate info between CNS and rest of the body

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20
Q

ANS

A

(visceral motor nerves) conduct impulses for involuntary movement

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21
Q

Somatic Nervous system

A

voluntary movement

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22
Q

function of the cerebellum

A

controls balance and the smooth movement of the voluntary movements.

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23
Q

Functions of cerebrum

A

largest part of the brain and initiates reasoning, planning, parts of speech, movement, emotions, and problem solving. along with regulating body temp. divided into right and left hemisphere

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24
Q

function of the medulla oblongata

A

control vital processes like your heartbeat, breathing and blood pressure.and connects spinal cord and brain

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25
Lobes of the brain
frontal(reasoning, motor control, emotion, and language), parietal (processing information from the body’s senses), temporal(hearing, memory, emotion, and some aspects of language), and occipital lobes(interpreting incoming visual information.)
26
neurons
sensory neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons
27
Brain stem
regulate breathing, heart rate, blood pressure, eating, (autonomic functions) midbrain pons medulla
28
Sympathetic division
(speeds)involuntary movements, danger, races heart and tense
29
Parasympathetic division
(slow)Also past of autonomic division to relax body, and promote digestion.
30
nerves
12 cranial 31 spinal
31
Days of a red blood cell white blood cells, plaletes
115 days, 123, and 4 days(110, 1-3(plasma 3-5)10)
32
lymph
vessels and nodes- carry clear water fluid to filtrate
33
Pericardium
outermost layer composed of 2 thin fibrous protective layer containing
34
Muscle Function
movement of body parts, posture, and body heat
35
3 main parts of the brain
cerebrum, cerebellum, an brainstem.
36
Chamber of the hearts
- right atrium(receives blood from body tissues - left atrium (receives blood from lungs) - right ventricle (pumps into lungs - left ventricle(pumps to the body)
37
diasole
resting phase
38
systole
working phase
39
Respiratory system
each lung is covered by two-layered sac called the plerua
40
21%of air is
oxygen
41
diaphragm
contract rhythmically to pull in and push out air
42
bony framework of the respiratory
ribs, sternum, and vertebrae
43
epiglottis
lid over the larynx
44
where does digestion start
mouth
45
alimentary canal (GI tract)
mouth to anus
46
Steps of digestion
The processes of digestion include six activities: ingestion, propulsion, mechanical or physical digestion, chemical digestion, absorption, and defecation.
47
Enzymes
Amylase – made in the mouth and pancreas; breaks down complex carbohydrates • Lipase – made in the pancreas; breaks down fats • Protease – made in the pancreas; breaks down proteins • Pepsin – pepsin is secreted by the stomach to break down proteins into peptides, or smaller groupings of amino acids. • Trypsin – trypsin forms when an enzyme secreted by the pancreas is activated by an enzyme in the small intestine.
48
What muscle help with peristalsis
smooth muscle , esophagus
49
chemical and mechanical digestion
Mechanical digestion involves physically breaking down food substances into smaller particles to more efficiently undergo chemical digestion. The role of chemical digestion is to further degrade the molecular structure of the ingested compounds by digestive enzymes into a form that is absorbable into the bloodstream.
50
meatus
opening of urethra
51
Bartholin's glands (or greater vestibular glands
providing moisture for the vestibule.
52
Hypothalamus
``` -Growth-hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) -Growth-hormone-inhibiting hormone (GHIH) -Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) - Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) -Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) ```
53
Pituitary gland
has 2 lobes(anterior and posterior pituitary gland.) and located in the hypothalamus
54
anterior pituitary
i. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) ii. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) iii. Growth hormone (GH) iv. Luteinizing hormone (LH) v. Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) vi. Prolactin vii. Thyroid-stimulating hormone
55
posterior pituitary
. Antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin
56
thyroid gland
butterfly shape (CalcitoninTriiodothyronine (T3) Thyroxine (T4))
57
pineal gland
above thalamus melatonin response to light and dark
58
adrenal glands
Epinephrine and norepinephrine
59
pancrease
glucagon and insulin(amount of sugar in blood)(head body and tail)(diabetes)
60
Glucocorticoids
anti-inflammatory in all tissues, and control metabolism in muscle, fat, liver and bone. affect vascular tone, and in the brain influence mood, behaviour and sleep‒wakefulness cycles.
61
Mineralocorticoids
regulate salt and water balances.promote sodium and potassium transport, usually followed by changes in water balance.
62
parathorme
regulate calcium
63
thyroid
regulate metabolism
64
spleen
``` A blood filtering organ that removes microbes and destroys old and damaged red blood cells. Also makes disease-fighting components fo the immune system (including antibodies and lymphocytes). ```
65
thymus
Filters and moniters your blood content & produces the white blood cells called T- lymphocytes.
66
Tonsils & Adenoids
trap pathogen that enter your mouth or nose.
67
Appendix
maturation of B lymphocytes and in production of the production of the class of antibodies known as immunoglobulin A antibodies.
68
Innate Immunity
People are born with some level of immunity that will attack invaders for day one.
69
. | Adaptive (Acquired) Immunity
A person’s protection from pathogens develops as they go through life
70
Passive Immunity
A temporary type of immunity that derives from another person
71
phagocytes
white blood cells that digest and destroy micorganism
72
specific and non specific immunity
Nonspecific protective mechanisms repel all microorganisms equally, while the specific immune responses are tailored to particular types of invaders.

CNA (1 decks)

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