body system

Question 1

Homeostasis

Answer 1

he maintenance of a relatively constant internal physiological environment of the body or part of the body (e.g. blood glucose level, pH, body temperature) in varying external conditions

Question 2

Neurotransmitter

Answer 2

chemical released from the axon terminals into the synapse between your nerve cells (neurons) during a nerve impulse

Question 3

receptor

Answer 3

special cells that detect energy and convert it to electrical energy that is sent to the brain

Question 4

Myelin

Answer 4

a fatty, white substance that encases the axons (connecting branches) of the neurons in the nervous system

Question 5

Neuron

Answer 5

nerve cell

Question 6

motor neuron

Answer 6

the nerve cell that causes an organ, such as a muscle or gland, to respond to a stimulus

Question 7

inter neuron

Answer 7

a nerve cell that carries nervous impulses through the central nervous system. They provide the link between sensory neurons and motor neurons.

Question 8

sensory neuron

Answer 8

a nerve cell in the sense organs. It detects change in the environment and sends a message to the central nervous system

Question 9

Negative feedback

Answer 9

a response that reduces the original stimulus

Question 10

cerebellum

Answer 10

the part of the brain that controls balance and muscle action

Question 11

cerebrum

Answer 11

he largest part of the brain (about 90 per cent of total brain volume), responsible for higher order thinking, controlling speech, conscious thought and voluntary actions. It is made up of the frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital lobes.

Question 12

brain stem

Answer 12

the part of the brain connected to the spinal cord, responsible for breathing, heartbeat and digestion. Sometimes called the medulla.

Question 13

central nervous system

Answer 13

the part of the nervous system composed of the brain and spinal cord

Question 14

peripheral nervous system

Answer 14

made up of sensory and motor neurons. It connects the central nervous system to the rest of the body, and detects and responds to change.

Question 15

digestive system

Answer 15

a complex series of organs and glands that processes food in order to supply your body with the nutrients it needs to function effectively

Question 16

respiratory system

Answer 16

the body system involving the lungs and associated structures, which take in air and supply the blood with oxygen to deliver to the body’s cells so they can carry out their essential functions; it also performs gas exchange to remove the waste gas carbon dioxide

Question 17

circulatory system

Answer 17

the body system that circulates oxygen in blood to all the cells of the body. The circulatory system consists of the heart, blood vessels and blood.

Question 18

cellular respiration

Answer 18

the chemical reaction involving oxygen that moves the energy in glucose into the compound ATP. The body is able to use the energy contained in ATP.

Question 19

mechanoreceptor

Answer 19

special cells within the skin, inner ear and skeletal muscles that are sensitive to touch, pressure and motion, enabling you to balance, hear and sense pressure and movement

Question 20

chemoreceptor

Answer 20

special cells within a sense organ (especially the nose and tastebuds) that are sensitive to particular chemicals, giving you the sensations of smell and taste

Question 21

thermoreceptor

Answer 21

special cells located in your skin, part of your brain and body core that are sensitive to temperature

Question 22

photoreceptor

Answer 22

a receptor cell located in your eye that is stimulated by light, converting it to electrical energy that is sent to the brain, giving you the sensation of light

Question 23

independent variable

Answer 23

a variable that is deliberately changed during an experiment

Question 24

dependent variable

Answer 24

a variable that is expected to change when the independent variable is changed. The dependent variable is observed or measured during the experiment.