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Medical Terminology > body structure > Flashcards

body structure Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

chromatin

A

structural component of the nucleus ,composed of nucleic acids and proteins

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2
Q

chromosome

A

Threadlike structures within the nucleus composed of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that carries hereditary information encoded in genes.

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3
Q

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

A

molecule that holds genetic information capable of replicating and producing an exact copy whenever the cell divides

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4
Q

diaphragm

A

muscular wall that divides the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity

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5
Q

metabolism

A

sum f all physical and chemical changes that tak place in a cell or an organism

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6
Q

organelle

A

cellular structure that provides a specialized function, such as the nucleus (reproduction), ribosomes (protein synthesis), Golgi apparatus (removal of material from the cell), and lysosomes (digestion

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7
Q

3 main parts of a cell

A

membrane, cytoplasm, and the nucleus

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8
Q

study of the body at the cellular level is called

A

cytlogy

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9
Q

Inside the cytoplasm are specialized structures called

A

organelles

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10
Q

organelles perform specific functions of the cell such as

A

reproduction and movement

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11
Q

the largest cell organelle is the

A

nucleus

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12
Q

the nucleus direct the cells

A

activities and contains chromosomes

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13
Q

the nucleus is responsible for

A

metabolism, growth & reproduction. it also carries the genetic blueprint of the organism.

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14
Q

The nucleus blueprint is found in a complex molecule called

A

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

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15
Q

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is organized into a threadlike structure called

A

chromatin

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16
Q

when the cell is ready to divide, chromatin forms

A

chromosomes

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17
Q

Groups of cells that perform a specialized activity are called

A

tissues

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18
Q

the study of tissues is called

A

histology

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19
Q

More than 200 cell types compose four major tissues of the body

A

Epithelial, Connective Muscle & Nervous

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20
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

cover surfaces of organs, lines cavities and canal, forms tubes and ducts provides the secreting portions of glands, and makes up the epidermis of the skin. It is composed of ells arranged in a continuous sheet consisting of one or more layers.

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21
Q

Connective tissue

A

supports and connects other tissues and organs. It is made up of diverse cell types, including fibroblasts, fat cells, and blood

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22
Q

Muscle tissue

A

provides the contractile tissue of the body, which is responsible for movement

23
Q

Nervous System

A

transmits electrical impulses as I relays information throughout the entire body

24
Q

Organs

A

are body structures that perform specialized functions. They are composed of two or more tissue types.

25
Q

A body system is composed of

A

varying numbers of organs and accessory structures that have similar or related functions

26
Q

The highest level of organization is the

A

organism

27
Q

An organism is

A

a complete living entity capable of independent existence

28
Q

The anatomical position is a

A

body posture used to locate anatomical parts or divisions

29
Q

In the anatomical position

A

the body is standing erect and the face forward, arms to the sides and palms forward

30
Q

A plane

A

is an imaginary flat surface that divides the body into two sections

31
Q

the most commonly used planes are

A

midsagittal (median), coronal (frontal) and transverse (horizontal)

32
Q

Body cavities

A

are spaces within the body tht hep protect, separate, an support internal organs.

33
Q

The two major cavities consist of

A

dorsal (posterior) and ventral (anterior)

34
Q

dorsal (posterior)

A

including the cranial ad spinal cavities

35
Q

ventral (anterior)

A

including the thoracic an abdominopelvic cavities

36
Q

Planes of the body

A

Midsagittal (median),coronal (frontal) and transverse (horizontal)

37
Q

Midsagittal (median)

A

right and left halves

38
Q

Coronal (frontal)

A

Anterior (ventral) and posterior (dorsal) aspects

39
Q

Transverse (horizontal)

A

Superior (upper and inferior (lower) aspects

40
Q

to describe the location of the many abdominal and pelvic organs more easily anatomists and clinicians use two methods of dividing the abdominopelvic cavity into smaller areas

A

These two divisions are: quadrants and regions

41
Q

The abdominopelvic cabity is divided into

A

four quadrants with two imaginary lines that form a cross in the midsection of the lower torso

42
Q

RUQ

A

right upper

43
Q

LUQ

A

left upper

44
Q

RLQ

A

right lower

45
Q

LLQ

A

left lower

46
Q

Right hypochondriac

A

upper right lateral region beneath the ribs

47
Q

Epigastric

A

Upper middle region

48
Q

Left hypochondriac

A

upper left lateral region beneath the ribs

49
Q

Right lumbar

A

middle right lateral region

50
Q

Umbilical

A

region of the naval

51
Q

Left lumbar

A

middleleft lateral region

52
Q

Right inguinal (iliac)

A

lower right lateral region

53
Q

Hypogastric

A

lower middle region

54
Q

Left inguinal (iliac)

A

lower left lateral region

Medical Terminology (6 decks)

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