body structure Flashcards
chromatin
structural component of the nucleus ,composed of nucleic acids and proteins
chromosome
Threadlike structures within the nucleus composed of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that carries hereditary information encoded in genes.
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
molecule that holds genetic information capable of replicating and producing an exact copy whenever the cell divides
diaphragm
muscular wall that divides the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity
metabolism
sum f all physical and chemical changes that tak place in a cell or an organism
organelle
cellular structure that provides a specialized function, such as the nucleus (reproduction), ribosomes (protein synthesis), Golgi apparatus (removal of material from the cell), and lysosomes (digestion
3 main parts of a cell
membrane, cytoplasm, and the nucleus
study of the body at the cellular level is called
cytlogy
Inside the cytoplasm are specialized structures called
organelles
organelles perform specific functions of the cell such as
reproduction and movement
the largest cell organelle is the
nucleus
the nucleus direct the cells
activities and contains chromosomes
the nucleus is responsible for
metabolism, growth & reproduction. it also carries the genetic blueprint of the organism.
The nucleus blueprint is found in a complex molecule called
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is organized into a threadlike structure called
chromatin
when the cell is ready to divide, chromatin forms
chromosomes
Groups of cells that perform a specialized activity are called
tissues
the study of tissues is called
histology
More than 200 cell types compose four major tissues of the body
Epithelial, Connective Muscle & Nervous
Epithelial tissue
cover surfaces of organs, lines cavities and canal, forms tubes and ducts provides the secreting portions of glands, and makes up the epidermis of the skin. It is composed of ells arranged in a continuous sheet consisting of one or more layers.
Connective tissue
supports and connects other tissues and organs. It is made up of diverse cell types, including fibroblasts, fat cells, and blood
Muscle tissue
provides the contractile tissue of the body, which is responsible for movement
Nervous System
transmits electrical impulses as I relays information throughout the entire body
Organs
are body structures that perform specialized functions. They are composed of two or more tissue types.
A body system is composed of
varying numbers of organs and accessory structures that have similar or related functions
The highest level of organization is the
organism
An organism is
a complete living entity capable of independent existence
The anatomical position is a
body posture used to locate anatomical parts or divisions
In the anatomical position
the body is standing erect and the face forward, arms to the sides and palms forward
A plane
is an imaginary flat surface that divides the body into two sections
the most commonly used planes are
midsagittal (median), coronal (frontal) and transverse (horizontal)
Body cavities
are spaces within the body tht hep protect, separate, an support internal organs.
The two major cavities consist of
dorsal (posterior) and ventral (anterior)
dorsal (posterior)
including the cranial ad spinal cavities
ventral (anterior)
including the thoracic an abdominopelvic cavities
Planes of the body
Midsagittal (median),coronal (frontal) and transverse (horizontal)
Midsagittal (median)
right and left halves
Coronal (frontal)
Anterior (ventral) and posterior (dorsal) aspects
Transverse (horizontal)
Superior (upper and inferior (lower) aspects
to describe the location of the many abdominal and pelvic organs more easily anatomists and clinicians use two methods of dividing the abdominopelvic cavity into smaller areas
These two divisions are: quadrants and regions
The abdominopelvic cabity is divided into
four quadrants with two imaginary lines that form a cross in the midsection of the lower torso
RUQ
right upper
LUQ
left upper
RLQ
right lower
LLQ
left lower
Right hypochondriac
upper right lateral region beneath the ribs
Epigastric
Upper middle region
Left hypochondriac
upper left lateral region beneath the ribs
Right lumbar
middle right lateral region
Umbilical
region of the naval
Left lumbar
middleleft lateral region
Right inguinal (iliac)
lower right lateral region
Hypogastric
lower middle region
Left inguinal (iliac)
lower left lateral region
