BODY SOUL MIND Flashcards
Dualism
body and soul separate
plato beliefs on body
body controlled unreliable senses that deceive , change days and dies, impermanent. prison to permanent soul chains us to senses- soul longs wotf.
plato beliefs soul
real essential part of us.
soul witnessed wotf before incarnated. using reason soul recalls forms . recognise hoe things woa participate in perf forms. amnesis.
socrates.
charioteer struggle body and soul
charioteer=reason
two horses= emotions and appetites
when reason in control harmony in soul
most time emotion/appetites in control
plato successful a03
- explains inner conflict: go gym stay on sofa. reason not in control. adult rational designs fell more unified.
-amnesis
-body and soul opposites. soul survive death.
plato unsuccessful a03
- inner conflict lack maturity, personality type, emotions. upbringing and DNA more likely choose desires.
-geach- how disembodied soul see forms physical process. socrates, lead answer step by step learn rather recall.
-opposites assumption
monist
body and soul not sep
Aristotle view
body and soul inseparable: imprint on wax need both matter wax and form imprint to make it what it is
body material cause, soul formal.
soul animates body give characteristics and form.
dead chicken material cause father’s beak no longer clucks pecks formal cause. soul dies w body.
3 appetites soul
vegetative- growing characteristics
appetitive- ability act and fulfil desires for food and reproduce
intellect- rational only humans
Aristotle successful a03
-soul essential to body make it what it is. axe = blade and handle ability chop= form. anscombe supports
- body and soul inseparable - wax. need both make it what it is. dies with soul. explain diff chickens .how can any of me survive death.
Aristotle unsuccessful a03
-plato body and soul separate. soul returns wotf after death reincarnate.
-diff behave chicken is physical processes ceasing to function not an immaterial soul.
substance dualism
mind and body too wholly diff substances
what did Descartes doubt
doubted everything, deceived evil demon , body illusion
only thing sure about he was thinking cogito era sum- I think therefore I am.
mind essence of yourself- must exist
descartes belief on mind and body
mind indivisible whole
body divisable
amputate arm thing away from mind
so mind must be able to be separated form existence of body
diff substances - material and immaterial
link; pineal gland, only 1 and imagination/common sense
strength descartes
- mind essence/personhood- face transplant same person
- pineal gland link
weakness descartes
-loose limb- change outlook of life, personality. following traumatic events war- ptsd
- ryle ghost in machine.category error
-dennet; cartisan theatre, mind is theatre audience of one. watch and control what happens on stage (outside mind) - not work like this
ryle ghost in machine
how can an immaterial mind control material body. physical mechanical acts controlled non material mind- ghost trying pull leavers/ handles in machine
ryle category error
Oxford- all colleges, library and sports ground where is the uni. believe something extra but it was a collection of everything he saw
descartes trys categorise events as physical or mental, something additional to body controls behaviour.
body and mind not separate but a whole person, what it means to be conscious thinking being.
-kettle
ryle successful a03
-personhood physical and mental, thinking part of me not separate/ categorised, it would be like ghost machine
-use lang inaccurate body and mind can’t be describe in the same way
Oxford/team spirit
ryle unsuccessful
-pysical and immateriasl/spiritual. amputate- mind still thinks/wills. these mental processes diff physical sensations must be distinct
-doubted everything even physical existence , but was thinking. since thinking shows he exists and mind sep body.
mind directs actions body-talk ab sep substances help me understand me . mind real me.
Dennett
- no place mind subj exp, thinking happiness , lots of processes in brain.
-brain scans many areas used simultaneously processing info remember exp and imagining. - psychologists will be able to detect where and how thinking happens
identity theory
-all mental activity centered brain
-brain affected physological effects/ drugs- mood, personality and behaviour- immaterial soul
-thinking, desicon making simply activities brain and die when body does.
Dawkins
soul 1=ancient idea used by pre-scientific people explain human rational thinking beings and allow life after death.
filling gaps knowledge mythical ideas ‘mystic jelly’
soul 2=intellect/mental abilities will be explained by science soon probs thru DNA
Soul is a metaphor
susan blackmoore
-soul metaphor consciousness/personhood
-consciousness delusion as we believe looking for something extra not exist.
-sensations part physical make up, scientists will classify brain patterns identify consciousness.
strengths materialism
- functional magnetic scanners detect changes in brain when subject attention moves diff images.
-solves how much of me survives death
-nasa sensors throat detect words said silently oneself. read thoughts detecting physical responses
weakness materialism
-intention,nerve function in brain have no desires/intention
-dawkins assumption filling gaps knowledge science
-paranormal exp- religious exp
