Body's inflammation

Question 1

Adaptive (specific) immunity

Answer 1

B Cells

T Cells

Question 2

B Cells

Answer 2

Divide to form plasma cells and produce antibodies to fight infection

Question 3

T Cells

Answer 3

Helper T cells – activate the immune response
Cytotoxic T cells – produce chemicals to kill virus infected & cancer cells
Suppressor T cells – turn off the immune response

Question 4

Antibodies – Immunoglobulins (Ig)

Answer 4

Bind to non-self antigens (e.g. bacteria)
5 classes of antibodies inc:
IgM – active infection
IgG – immunity from infection

Antibodies activate
Complement
Phagocytosis
Inflammation via mast cells & basophils

Question 5

Signs of inflammation

Answer 5

Redness
Heat
Pain 
Swelling
Loss of function

Question 6

Inflammation - Cellular components

Answer 6

Neutrophils – release chemicals & punch holes in bacteria & fungi, do phagocytosis

Eosinophils – enzymes to kill worms & viruses; role in asthma & allergy, some phagocytosis;

Basophils – release histamine. Attracts WBC to infection

Monocytes – fixed in tissues e.g. kupffer cells in liver, microglia in the CNS or free in blood. Become macrophages when they enter tissues

Mast cells – release histamine & heparin in connective tissue

Natural killer cells – kill virus infected and cancer cells

Question 7

Inflammation - chemicals

Answer 7

Histamine – vasodilation, activates pain receptors
Prostaglandins (PG) – vasodilation, attracts neutrophils, activates pain receptors
Interferons – prevent viral replication, activate NK cells
Complement – coats organisms (opsonisation), punch holes in cell walls
Nitric oxide - vasodilation

Question 8

Chronic inflammation

Answer 8

> 2 weeks
purulent discharge &
poor wound healing

Question 9

Thermoregulation and fever

Answer 9

Heat production
Thyroxin, epinephrine, norepinephrine, → metabolic rate, shivering, vasoconstriction
Heat loss
Vasodilation & sweating (sympathetic)
Heat loss to atmosphere e.g. cool air or cool water