Body Organization and Terminology Flashcards
the study of the structure of the
body and its relationships between the body parts (the word means cutting apart).
Anatomy
is the study of structures which can be viewed with the naked eye.
Gross anatomy
is the study of structures that can be seen with magnification. It includes cytology and histology.
Microscopic anatomy
is the study of normal function in
the body (the word means study of nature).
Physiology
is the study of metabolic processes in the cells and interactions between cells
Cell physiology
is the study of function of specific organs or organ systems.
Systemic physiology
chemical bonds bind atoms together
forming molecules. Molecules binding together through chemical bonds form organelles
Chemical level
organelles are organized to form cells.
Cellular level
cells with similar structure and function group together to make tissues
Tissue level
2 or more tissues are arranged in an organ
Organ level
a collection of organs which carry out
related functions
Organ system level
is the highest level of organization and
includes all organ systems.
Organism level
organization of levels from smallest to largest
chemical level
cellular level
tissue level
organ level
organ system level
organism level
a universally accepted position for the body.
Anatomical position
label this
forehead
frontal
nose
nasal
eye
ocular
orbital
ear
otic
cheek
buccal
neck
cervical
thorax
thoracic
chest
thoracic
breast
mammary
abdomen
abdominal
navel
umbilical
pelvis
pelvic
hand
manual
groin
inguinal
pubis
pubic
thigh
femoral
foot
pedal
skull
cranial
face
facial
head
cephalic
mouth
oral
chin
mental
armpit
axillary
arm
brachial
front of elbow
antecubital
forearm
antebrachial
wrist
carpal
palm
palmar
thumb
pollex
fingers
digits
kneecap
patellar
leg
crural
ankle
tarsal
toes
digits
great toe
hallux
shoulder
acromial
back
dorsal
back of the elbow
olecranal
loin
lumbar
buttock
gluteal
back of tyeh knee
popliteal
calf
sural
heel of foot
calcaneal
sole of foot
plantar
how does the sagittal plane divide the body?
right and left
how does the Midsagittal plane divide the body?
cut in the midline and equally into two halves
how does the Parasagittal plane divide the body?
a cut that divides the body unequally into a right and left
Types of sagittal planes
parasagittal Plane
and
Midsagittal Plane
what plane is this
frontal plane
what plane sections is this
Sagittal plane
what sectional plane is this
transverse or horizontal
how does the coronal plane divide the body?
anterior and posterior
how does the transverse plane divide the body?
superior and inferior position
How does longitudinal section run?
lengthwise in the direction of the long
axis of the body.
How does the transverse section run?
A section that runs at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the
body.
How does the oblique section run?
formed by cuts that are not made along any anatomical planes, but instead deviate from these planes.
label this
towards the point of attachment of a limb to the trunk
proximal
away from the point of attachment of a limb to the trunk
distal
toward the midline
medial
away from the midline
lateral
At, near, or relatively close to the body surface
superficial
toward the interior of the body;
farther from the surface
deep`
label this
Eleven Organ Systems
- Integumentary system
- Nervous system
- Skeletal system
- Endocrine system
- Muscular system
- Cardiovascular system
- Lymphatic system
- Urinary system
- Respiratory system
- Digestive system
- Reproductive system: male/female
what organs are in the integumentary system
skin
hair
sweat glands
nails
what are the functions of the integumentary system
- Protects against environmental hazards
- Helps regulate body temperature
- Provides sensory information
what system is this
Integumentary System
what system is this
Skeletal System
what system is this
Muscular System
what system is this
Nervous System
what are the organs for the nervous system
brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, sensory organs
what are the functions of the nervous system
- Directs immediate responses to stimuli
- Coordinates or moderates other organ
systems - Provides and interprets sensory info.
what are the organs for the skeletal system
bones
cartilage
associated ligaments
bone marrow
what are the functions for the skeletal systems
- Provides support and protection for
other tissues - Stores calcium and other minerals
- Forms blood cells
what are the organs of the endocrine system
Pituitary gland
Thyroid pancreas
Adrenal gland
Gonads
Endocrine tissue
what are the functions for the endocrine system
- Directs long-term changes in other
organ systems - Adjusts metabolic activity and energy
use - Controls many structural and functional
changes during development
what are the organs of the muscular system
skeletal muscles
associated tendons
what are the functions of the muscular system
- Provides movement
- Provides protection and support for
other tissues - Generates heat that maintains body
temperature
what are the organs for the cardiovascular system
heart
blood
blood vessels
what are the functions of the cardiovascular system
- Distributes blood cells, water, nutrients,
waste products, oxygen, and carbon
dioxide - Distributes heat to control body temp.
what are the organs for the Respiratory System
Nasal cavities
Sinuses
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Lungs
Alveoli
what are the functions of lymphatic system
- defends against infection and disease,
- returns tissue fluids to the
bloodstream.`
what are the functions of the urinary system
- Excretes waste products from the blood
- Controls water balance by regulating
volume of urine produced - Stores urine prior to voluntary
elimination - Regulates blood ion concentrations and
pH
what are the organs for the lymphatic system
spleen
thymus
lymphatic vessels
lymph nodes
tonsils
what are the organs of the urinary system
kidneys
ureters
urinary bladder
urethra
what are the functions of the respiratory system
- Delivers air to alveoli (sites in lungs
where gas exchange occurs) - Provides oxygen to bloodstream
- Removes carbon dioxide from
bloodstream - Produces sounds for communication
What are the organs for the Digestive System
Teeth
tongue
pharynx
esophagus stomach
small intestine,
large intestine
liver
gallbladder
pancreas
What are the Functions for the Digestive System
- Processes and digests food
- Absorbs and conserves water
- Absorbs nutrients
- Stores energy reserves
What are the organs for the Male Reproductive System
Testes
epididymis
ductus deferens
seminal vesicles
prostate gland
bulbourethral glands,
penis
scrotum
what system is this
endocrine system
what system is this
cardiovascular system
what system is this
Lymphatic System
what system is this
Respiratory System
what system is this
Digestive System
what system is this
Urinary System
what system is this
Male Reproductive System
what system is this
Female Reproductive System
What are the functions for the Male Reproductive System
- Produce offspring through the
production of sperm cells, and
hormones. - Plays a role in sexual intercourse
What are the organs for the Female Reproductive System
Ovaries
uterine tubes
uterus
vagina
labia
clitoris
Mammary glands.
What are the functions for the Female Reproductive System
- Produces offspring through the
production of sex cells. - Supports developing embryo
- Produces milk.
- Plays a role in sexual intercourse.
why are the organs of the body is located in different cavities
This protects the organs and allows for the organs to move freely within the cavity.
what membrane lines the organs within the cavity
serous
what are the serous membrane two layers
visceral layer
parietal layer
what layer is further away from the organ closer of the body wall
Parietal layer
what layer lays directly on the organs
Visceral layer
label these body cavities
what are the body cavity functions
lines body cavity and covers organs
what cavity houses the heart
pericardial
what cavity houses the lungs
pleural
what cavity houses some of the abdominal organs
Peritoneal cavity
how many abdominopelvic quadrants are there
four
how many abdominopelvic regions are there
nine
label these abdominopelvic quadrants
label these abdominopelvic regions
the relationship between the abdominopelvic quadrants and regions and the location of their internal organs are shown here
anatomical relationships
label these organs
what solution is the cell in?
hypotonic
what solution is the cell in?
isotonic
what solution is the cell in?
hypertonic
