Body Organization Flashcards
Which plane divides the front and backside of the body?
Coronal / Frontal Plane
Which plane divides the left and right sides of the body?
Sagittal Plane
Which plane divides the top and bottom sections of the body?
Transverse Plane
Which plane is always at an angle?
Oblique Plane
If a slice is made parallel to the long axis of a structure, what is this called?
A longitudinal section
If a slice is made at right angles to the long axis of a structure, what is this called?
Cross-section
Superior
Above, toward the top
Cranial
Toward the head
Inferior
Below, toward the bottom
Caudal
Toward the tail
Medial
Toward the middle/midline
Lateral
Away from the midline
Anterior
Toward the front side
Ventral
Toward the belly side
Posterior
Toward the backside
Dorsal
Toward the vertebral side
Proximal
Nearer to the trunk (a limb) or the point of origin (an organ)
Distal
Further from the trunk (a limb) or the point of origin (an organ)
Superficial
Towards the surface of the body
Deep
Further away from the surface
Orbital
Eye Socket
Otic
Ear
Nasal
Nose
Buccal
Cheek
Oral
Mouth
Mental
Chin
Sternal
Breast bone
Axillary
Underarm
Brachial
Arm
Mammary
Breast
Antecubital
Front of elbow
Carpal
Wrist
Palmar
Palm
Digits or Phalanges
Fingers and toes
Femoral
Thigh
Coxal
Hip
Patellar
Kneecap
Crural
Leg
Tarsal
Ankle
Pedal
Foot
Pubic
Genitals
Inguinal
Groin
Pelvic
Pelvis
Trunk / Torso
Includes the thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic regions. Begins up by the sternum and ends down by the pubic region.
Thoracic
Chest
Abdominal
Abdomen
Cephalic
Head; Includes the cranial, facial, and cervical regions.
Cranial
Skull
Facial
Face
Cervical
Neck
Occipital
Back of skull
Acromial
Shoulder
Scapular / Scapula
Shoulder blade
Dorsum
Back
Vertebral
Back bone
Olecranal
Back of elbow
Lumbar
Low back
Sacral
Between hips
Manus
Hand
Gluteal
Buttocks
Popliteal
Back of knee
Sural
Calf
Lower Extremity
Leg
Upper Extremity
Arm
Body cavity that is part of the dorsal body cavities, and contains the brain and is protected by meninges.
Cranial Cavity
Body cavity that is part of the dorsal body cavities, and contains the spinal cord and is protected by meninges.
Spinal Cavity
What two body cavities make up the dorsal body cavities?
Cranial and spinal cavities
Which body cavity includes the center of the thoracic cavity, and contains all organs between the lungs?
Mediastinum
Which body cavities contain the lungs and are encased by pleura?
Pleural Cavities
Which body cavity is in the mediastinum, contains the heart, and is encased by pericardium?
Pericardial Cavity
Which body cavity contains digestive organs and is encased by peritoneum?
Abdominal Cavity
Which cavity contains the bladder and reproductive organs, is encased by peritoneum, and has no physical partition between abdominal and pelvic cavities?
Pelvic Cavity
What separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities?
Diaphragm
Which cavities make up the ventral body cavities?
Thoracic cavity, abdominopelvic cavity, and the diaphragm
What kind of membranes line the ventral body cavities?
Serous membranes
How many serous membranes are there? Name them.
3; Peritoneum, pericardium, and the pleura
In which body cavity are the pleura and pericardium found?
Thoracic Cavity
In which body cavity is the peritoneum found?
Abdominopelvic Cavity
Which is the outer layer that lines the wall of the body cavity?
Parietal Layer
Which is the inner layer that encases the viscera?
Visceral Layer
How many abdominal organs lie outside of the peritoneum, which are they, and what is their position called?
3; The two kidneys, and the pancreas (along with the duodenum and portions of the large intestine); Retroperitoneal
What fluid is found between the visceral and parietal layers, and what is its purpose?
Serous fluid; Reduces friction generated by organ movement
