Body mind and soul

Question 1

Dualism?

Answer 1

The belief that humans have two elements - a body and a soul

Question 2

Substance Dualism?

Answer 2

The two elements ( body and soul ) are different substances

Question 3

Materialism?

Answer 3

The only substance is a material one

Question 4

Plato’s view on body and soul?

Answer 4

Body                soul
- changes       - unchanging
- decays         - Eternal
- A prison       - reason
                       - seeking true 
                         knowledge

Question 5

Plato’s examples?

Answer 5

The charioteer - reason is the charioteer driver controlling two wayward horses - emotions and physical appetites.
When reason is in control everything is Harmonious

Question 6

Explain platos view

Answer 6

Plato views the soul as real, essential part of us that can reach the world of forms. Our body acts as a prison for the soil just like the prisoners in the Cave.

Question 7

Strenghs to platos view?

Answer 7

• plato does describe the inner conflict and we are able to relate to this.
• we are aware of what is fair and not fair without learning - soul recalling the form of justice
• light/dark life/death = body/soul
• ananesis

Question 8

Weaknesses of plato?

Answer 8

• Inner conflict could simply be personality
• example of socrates leading a boy step by step.
• arguement of opposites is a assumption.

Question 9

Aristotle argues they cannot be separated?

Answer 9

He recognises the existence of a soul but suggests they cannot be separated- example of letters and imprint on a seal cannot be separate from wax which it is imprinted on.

Question 10

What are the causes?

Answer 10

Body - material cause

Soul - formal cause

Question 11

Three absolutes of the sou,?

Answer 11

Vegetative - refers to characteristics of growing
Adpetitve - refers to act and fulfilled desire for food reproduction
Rational - intellectual and are only found in human souls

Question 12

Example of three absolutes?

Answer 12

Vegetative - plant
Vegetative and appetitive - loin
All three - humans

Question 13

Strenghs to aristotle

Answer 13

• souls is essential

- since the body dies and it cannot be separated from the soul this explains the difference we can observe

Question 14

Weaknesses of Aristotle

Answer 14

• Platos arguement of the Forms

- materialism argues there is no need to assume something extra e.g a soul

Question 15

Descarte

Answer 15

Substance dualist

Question 16

Descartes view?

Answer 16

Descarte argues the mind is different tomthe body. I think therefore I am. Physical parts of the body can’t think. Material parts of the body can be divided but the mind cannot.

Question 17

Descartes example?

Answer 17

Amputated limb is separate from the body but doesn’t take way from the mind or who we are.

Question 18

Strenghs of DS

Answer 18

• mind hoods personhood

- difference is shown and can be observed

Question 19

Weaknesses of DS

Answer 19

• a lost limb can change a person mentally
• what makes a person ? Changes over time
• the mind communicates with the body

Question 20

Criticism of DS - Ryle

Answer 20

Ghost in the machine - non physical ghost could not handle the machine and make it work. Accuses DS of making a categorical error by saying there is something extra to the body.. body and mind are not separate but a description of the whole person