Body-Integrity Dysphoria Flashcards
What is a (sensoric) interoceptive experience?
eg.: heart beat, hunger,…
-> information about the internal state of my body
Asomatognosia
Part of body fading away from their awareness
Somatoparaphrenia
Feeling that a part of their own body doesnt belong to themselves, but to somebody else
Alice-im Wonderland Syndrome
Feeling that the limbs are much longer or smaler than normal
Supernumerary Phantom Limb
Experience of having several phantom limbs from your body
Phantom limb
- Experience of a body part that is not there anymore (eg.: after amputation)
- Feeling that this body part is still there
How can BID be defined?
= rare condition characterized by a strong and persistent desire to amputate or paralyze one of more healthy limbs (without any apparent brain or body damage)
Is BID delusional?
No, the person know that the body part belongs to them rationally, but feels that it shouldnt be there
What is the main difference between the paralysis condition and the amputee condition?
Amputee condition: individual desires to have the whole affected limb removed
Paralysis condition: indviduals just desire to remove the function of the limb
What did the “pinprick” study of Brang et al. (2008) show?
Participants (BID, HC) were pinpricked above and under the line where they desire to have the amputation. The arousal was measure with SCR:
Results:
- HC showed no difference above or under the line
- BID exagerated SCR to both the limbs they wanted to become amputated
Conclusion:
Failure of a congenitally dysfunctional right superior parietal lobule to form an unified body image leads to abnormal sympathetic outflow via the insula -> manifesting itself as the oberserved SCR changes
What did the study of Romano et al. with the simulation pinprick condition show?
For the actual touch condition the same finding as before, BUT for the simulation condition (pinprick nearly touched limb but not in the end) decreased SCR for the want-to be removed limb compared to other cindition and others
=> Show issues with the anticipatory response to stimuli coming towards the affected part
=> leg is not properly inscribed into the brain’s representation of the body
What are neural correlates with BID?
BID individuals show reduce activity in the right Superior parietal lobule (SPL). This area plays an important role for multi sensory integration of the body representation.
eg. Study: participants were touched on their feed => BID individuals can feel the affected limb being touched, but it does not actually integrate into their body image
(brain activity in visual and somatosensory cortices revealed normal activity)
What correlation was found between atrophy in the right SPL (and the left premotor ventral cortex) and pretending behavior in BID?
The lower the grey matter concentration (high atrophy) in this area was, the more pretending behavior in BID individuals was found.
What brain areas are included to create a coherent representation of the body?
Insula -> integrating body and mind
Parietal areas (SPL, IPL) -> corporeal awareness
Premotor cortex -> unity of body & self
What does the study of Stone et al. (2020) show about the body representation in BID from a behavioral perspective?
Participants were asked to describe how their leg look like from a picture (eg. length, shape), where they were touched (tactile), and were their limb is positioned in the space (proprioceptive). No impairments in visual, tactile, or proprioceptive representation was found.
=> Limb perception is not impaired in BID -> they can still make normal sensory-guided implicit and explicit judgements about the limb
=> deficits in body representation may not be discernible (=wahrnehmbar) at the behavioral level in BID
