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HUMAN PHYS > Body Fluids and Homeostasis > Flashcards

Body Fluids and Homeostasis Flashcards

1
Q

set point

A

value around which the normal value fluctuates around

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2
Q

dynamic constancy

A

homeostasis relies on this principle; no rigidity in body processes allows for minor fluctuations since the internal environment is constant and can return to set point on their own

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3
Q

disease

A

LOSS of homeostasis

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4
Q

negative feedback

A

homeostatic mechanism that REDUCES a change in a regulated variable; inhibition of a variable further in the pathway leads to decrease in variable earlier in the pathway
(MORE COMMON)

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5
Q

positive feedback

A

homeostatic mechanism that AMPLIFIES a change in a regulated variable; increase of a variable earlier in the pathway leads to increase in variable later in the pathway (LESS COMMON i.e blood clotting)

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6
Q

Who coined the term “homeostasis”?

A

Walter Cannon

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7
Q

Who developed the concept of compartmentalization of the internal environment of fluid surrounding tissues and organs?

A

Claude Bernard

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8
Q

Define: body fluids

A

the water solutions within the body

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9
Q

Functions of body fluids

A

thermoregulation, shock absorption, lubrication, transport of nutrients and waste

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10
Q

Total body water (TBW) and ECF/ICF/IF contributions

A

body is 60% water and of that 60%:
- 2/3 (40%) intracellular fluid
- 1/3 (20%) extracellular fluid

–> of the ECF 80% interstitial fluid and 20% plasma

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11
Q

blood vessel structure

A

capillaries= 1 endothelium cell thick with water-clefts
- allows for max diffusion of nutrients, gas exchange and waste disposal

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12
Q

plasma membrane components

A

BILAYER of hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails, proteins and glycoproteins, and cholesterol

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13
Q

calculate blood volume

A

plasma, buffy coat of WBCs (<1%) and RBCs
so BV= plasma + RBC volume

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14
Q

hematocrit

A

volume of RBCs to total blood volume (BV)
= RBC Volume/BV x100%
NORMAL RANGE: 35%-50%

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15
Q

Molarity

A

moles of solute per liter of solution
units: mol/L (M)
CaCl2= 1 mol CaCl2

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16
Q

Normality

A

number of EQUIVALENTS of solute per liter of solution
CaCl2= 2Eq= 2 normal

17
Q

Osmolarity

A

number of osmoles (osmotically active particles) of solute per liter of solution
CaCl2= 3 osmolar

18
Q

Osmolality

A

number of osmoles per kg of solvent

19
Q

Ionic composition of: SODIUM

A

Na(in)= 12
Na(OUT)= 140
- [Na] higher OUTSIDE the cell

20
Q

Ionic composition of: POTASSIUM

A

K(IN)= 150
K(out)= 4
- [K] higher INSIDE the cell

21
Q

Ionic composition of: CALCIUM

A

Ca(in)= 10^(-4)
Ca(OUT)= 2.5
- [Ca] higher OUTSIDE the cell

22
Q

Ionic composition of: MAGNESIUM

A

Mg(IN)= 30
Mg (out)= 1
- [Mg] higher INSIDE the cell

23
Q

Ionic composition of: CHLORIDE

A

Cl(in)= 10
Cl(OUT)= 110
- [Cl-] higher OUTSIDE the cell

24
Q

Ionic composition of: PROTEINS

A

[Protein-]= higher INSIDE the cell

25
Q

Macroscopic electroneutrality

A

on the BROAD spectrum, the positive and negative charges in the ICF are equal; and the positive and negative charges in the ECF are equal

26
Q

Osmolality of most/all cells in the body

A

~285mOsm/kg solvent
–> 300 mOsm/L

27
Q

Diffusion

A

the movement of molecules from an area of higher solute concentration to lower solute concentration d/t their thermal energy

28
Q

Simple Diffusion

A

the PASSIVE movement of molecules from an area of higher solute concentration to lower solute concentration d/t their thermal energy so no outside energy is required

29
Q

Facilitated Diffusion

A

the MEDIATED passive movement of molecules from high to low concentration with the help of channels and/or carriers

30
Q

Osmosis

A

the SIMPLE diffusion of water

31
Q

Fick’s law of diffusion

A

determines the net flux of particles that will diffuse across a membrane
equation: J= PA(C1-C2)

32
Q

Determinants of ion permeability across a membrane

A
  • temperature (higher temp –> increased movement of particles)
  • molecular weight
  • B (lipophilicity; higher lipophilicity–> increased movement of particles
  • charge (charged particles cannot PASSIVELY cross the membrane)
33
Q

Limitations of diffusion

A

why we would need assistance getting particles across the membrane:
- low permeability
- uphill transport
- long distances
- small surfaces

HUMAN PHYS (7 decks)

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