Body fluids Flashcards
fluid accumulation due to infection, malignancy, or inflammatory disorder
exudate
fluid accumulation due to CHF, cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome
transudate
tests to distinguish transudate from exudate (3)
Total protein fluid to serum ratio
LDH
Glucose level
cell types in normal serous fluid (4)
lymphocytes
monocytes
macrophages
mesothelial lining cells
neutrophils in serious fluid indicates (2)
inflammation
infection
eosinophils in serous fluid indicates (4)
hypersensitivity rxns
infections
malignancy
MI
RBCs in serous fluid indicates (3)
hemorrhage
malignancy
traumatic procedure
acidic pH in pleural fluid indicates (4)
infection
neoplasm
RA
esophageal rupture
low glucose in pleural fluid indicates (3)
infection
neoplasm
RA
elevated amylase in pleural fluid indicates (2)
pancreatitis
esophageal rupture
parapneumonic effusion causes (3)
bacterial pneumonia
lung abscess
bronchiectasis
malignant effusion causes (3)
lung cancer
breast cancer
lymphoma
routine ascites tests (3)
albumin
cell count
culture
conditions that cause ascites w/ portal HTN
cirrhosis, alcoholic hepatitis, CHF, liver metastases, portal vein thrombosis, veno-occlusive disease, myxedema, mixed ascites
conditions that cause ascites w/out portal HTN
peritoneal carcinomatosis, peritoneal TB, pancreatic ascites, biliary ascites, nephrotic syndrome, serositis, bowel obstruction or infarction
low WBCs in ascites
cirrhosis
high WBCs in ascites
inflammatory processes
abrupt onset of fever, chills, abd pain, rebound tenderness in a pt w/ cirrhosis & ascites
spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
noninflammatory synovial fluid cause
osteoarthritis
mild inflammation in synovial fluid (2)
SLE
scleroderma
severe inflammation in synovial fluid (3)
gout
RA
psuedogout
infectious synovial fluid (2)
acute bacterial
TB
septic joint tx
antibiotics to avoid joint destruction
emergency
indications for joint aspiration (5)
monarthritis (with or without chronic polyarthritis) trauma w/ joint effusion suspicion of joint infection crystal-induced arthritis hemarthrosis
gout crystals
needle-shaped, strongly negatively birefringent monosodium urate
pseudogout crystals
rhomboid-shaped, weakly positively birefringent calcium pyrophosphate
CSF glucose expected value
2/3 of plasma glucose
elevated CSF glucose
hyperglycemia
decreased CSF glucose (2)
bacterial meningitis
fungal infection
elevated CSF protein (3)
bleeding
hemolysis
infection
oligoclonal bands
diagnostic of MS
MS diagnostics from CSF (2)
oligoclonal bands
myelin basic proteins
xanthochromic supernatent on CSF indicates
bleeding process has been ongoing
clear supernatent after spinning red CSF
traumatic tap
elevated neutrophils on CSF
bacterial meningitis
elevated lymphocytes in CSF (3)
viral
TB
fungal infection
presence of plasma cells in CSF indicates (2)
MS
chronic inflammation
eosinophilia on CSF indicates (2)
parasitic or fungal infection
altered mental status, nausea, vomiting, photophobia
meningitis
intermittent bacteremia is associated with (2)
onset of infection
tissue manipulation
continuous bacteremia is associated with?
endovascular infection
blood culture result suggestive of contamination
coag-neg staph
blood culture result suggestive of bacteremia (5)
group A strep pneumococci H. flu psuedomonas Candida
