Body Fluids Flashcards
What term describes the angle of light as it passes through a urine sample?
What property will increase the angle?
Refractive index
Density
Normal GFR and daily output of urine
GFR = 120 ml/min (170-190 L of fluid per day)
600-2000 ml/day; 1500 ml/day average
Oliguria
decreased output
Anuria
no output (renal failure)
Polyuria
increased output
Dysuria
Dysuria -
Nocturia
increased output at night
What causes urine to be black?
Melanin or Homogentisic acid
What is the principle of pH dipstick?
Double indicator system
What is the principle of protein dipstick?
“Protein error of indicators”
Specific for albumin detects no other protein
What is the principle of Glucose dipstick?
Glucose oxidase double sequential enzyme reaction, specific for glucose
What is the principle of Ketones dipstick?
Sodium nitroprusside reaction
What is the principle of Blood dipstick?
Pseudoperoxidase activity of hemoglobin
What is the principle of Urobilinogen dipstick?
Ehrlich’s reagent
What would be the bilirubin and urobilinogen results on a patient with Hemolytic anemia?
Bilirubin negative, Urobilinogen 3+ Positive
What is the principle of Nitrite dipstick?
Greiss test
What is the principle of LEUKOCYTE ESTERASE dipstick?
Esterase enzyme present in granulocytic WBCs reacts with an acid in the pad to create a purple color
What is the principle of SPECIFIC GRAVITY dipstick?
pK change of polyelectrolyte
At what plasma level will glucose begin to appear in urine? What term describes this phenomenon?
160 mg/dL
Renal threshold
