Body fluids Flashcards

1
Q

Fluid in the body is divided into

A

intracellular (66%)

extracellular (33%)

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2
Q

Extracellular fluid

A

all body fluid outside the cell can be further divided into three
interstitial (intercellular)
plasm (intravascular)
transcellular

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3
Q

Body fluid imbalances can occur when there is

A

inadequate fluid intake or starvation
a loss of body fluids from extreme sweating, diarrhoea, vomiting, disproportionate urine output or excessive fluid loss from wounds or burns
prolonged fever
renal failure or certain endocrine disorders that affect the ability of the body to conserve water by concentrating the urine
excessive administration of IV fluids, which may cause overhydration

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4
Q

Interstitial fluid

A

found in the tissue that surrounds the cells. It provides cells with nutrients and aids in waste removal. Its composition is slightly different in the different parts of the body

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5
Q

Blood plasma

A

blood allows cells, nutrients, oxygen and waste products to be transported between the organs. It is made up of plasms (60%) and cells ( 40%)
Plasma is a pale yellow liquid made up mostly of water containing sugars, vitamins, minerals, fats, hormones, antibodies, enzymes, clotting factors and a variety of proteins. The main cells of the blood are the erythrocytes, leukocytes and thrombocytes. Plasma and intestitial fluids are very similar in composition. They are interchanged freely though the capillary walls. Because cells, platelets and proteins cannot pass through the capillary epithelia, the fluid that enters the tissues is essentially plasma without the plasma proteins.

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6
Q

Blood serum

A

used in diagnostic tests
plasma without the clotting factors
Still contains electrolytes antibodies antigens hormones and other molecules

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7
Q

Electrolytes

A

Minerals that i am eyes into child ions media dissolved in water in the human body electrolyte i found in glad another buddies tours in the appraisal effects the blood ph muscle function and distribution of water within the body

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8
Q

Some common electrolytes

A

Potassium sodium calcium magnesium phosphorus

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9
Q

Transcellular fluid

A

Body fluid contained within epithelial and spaces examples of cerebrospinal fluid bladder urine and ocular fluid only a small fraction of the total body fluid make up less than 3% of the fluid in the body

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10
Q

Fluid movement in the body

A

Blood moves through the body in the blood vessels and the exchange of nutrients and other metabolites with the tissue or cures in the capillary. Hydrostatic pressure is generated by the pumping of the heart pushes water and other circuits are the capillaries through gaps in the endothelial cells

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11
Q

Fluid movement in the body

A

Blood moves through the body in the blood vessels and the exchange of nutrients and other metabolites with the tissue or cures in the capillary. Hydrostatic pressure is generated by the pumping of the heart pushes water and other solids are the capillaries through gaps in the endothelial cells

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12
Q

Colloid osmotic pressure or oncotic pressur

A

Generated by a greater concentration of proteins or less water within the capillaries the balance of the two forces different at different points in the capillaries controlling the movement of fluid the hydrostatic pressure is greater than the oncotic pressure at the arterial end of a vessel for the net movement of water is out of the capillaries at the Venus and the important pressure is higher and the fluid moves back into the capillaries any fluid remaining in the tissues is then drained by the lymphatic system if there is an imbalance that favours a buildup of fluid in the tissue swelling or edema may occur.

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13
Q

Lymphatic system

A

Consists of a network of blind in the tubes or lymph vessels that remove interstitial fluid from the tissue spaces and return it to the blood once the interstitial fluid enters the lymphatic vessels it is called lymph lymph is clear colourless fluid the lymph moves through the lymphatic vessels by contractions of my ass muscles surrounding the lymphatic vessels and contractions of the surrounding skeletal muscles the lymphatic system also incorporates the lymphatic organs bone marrow thymus spleen lymph nodes and other lymphoid tissue liver cells carry left to the lymph node where does filtered to remove toxins bacteria and other waste products the lymph node therefore play an important role in the functioning of the immune system which fights infection the immune system cells are transported around the body in the lymph and blood where they search for and destroy pathogens

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14
Q

Oedema

A

Broad term for an excessive accumulation of interstitial fluid in the tissue spaces or body cavities this results in swelling edamame by the localised or generalized .
generalized edema occurs when there is an accumulation of fluid in a number of tissue or body cavities is accumulations of fluid can be either transudate or exudates

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15
Q

Transudates

A

Treasure data abnormal accumulation of fluid in intercellular spaces because of an imbalance in hydrostatic and osmotic force is the date of fluids that are pushed out of normal blood vessels that contains salt and low concentration of proteins because there’s fluid have passed through normal and damaged capillary wall the proteins are excluded transit that can arise because of increased hydrostatic pressure or drop in plasma oncotic pressure causes include vascular problem with decreased plasma protein lymphatic obstruction

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16
Q

Exudates

A

Accumulation of fluid containing higher concentrations of protein generally the fluid has leaked out of the capillaries because of injury or inflammation inflammation increase the lightness of the blood vessels around the proteins to pass through the vessel wall. mild vascular damage will also allow proteins and water to leak into the tissue spaces .

17
Q

Localised oedema

A

Pulmonary oedema

Cerebral oedema

18
Q

Shock

A

Occurs when there is inadequate blood flow in the body this can impair organ function and can result in irreversible damage symptoms of shock include low blood pressure profuse sweating confusion chest pain dizziness pale cool clammy skin

19
Q

Shock can occur as a result of

A

Low blood volume cardiogenic shock changes and blood vessels obstructed blood circulation neurogenic shock