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FBS1- PPP > Body fluid Compartments > Flashcards

Body fluid Compartments Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three compartments of water in the body

A

Intracellular-28L
Interstitial -10.5L
Plasma 3.5L

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2
Q

What is the total body water (approx) in the body

A

42L

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3
Q

Blood Volume =

A

Blood cells + Plasma Space

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4
Q

Extracellular =

A

Plasma Space + Interstitial space

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5
Q

Transcellular fluids include-

A 
CSF
Aqeous and vitreous humours of the eye 
Synovial Fluid
Amniotic Fluid
GI tract secretions 
Lymph
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6
Q

How would one measure the fluid compartments

A
  1. Add known amount of substance (g) to unknown volume (l)
  2. Measure the concentration (g/l)
  3. c= s/v

Substances that can be used are not toxic, not metabolised quickly and distribute in space of interest

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7
Q

To determine the plasma volume:

A

Something that doesn’t cross the capillaries ( large- Evans blue, albumin)

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8
Q

To determine the ECS:

A

something that doesn’t enter the cells easily 24Na, sucrose

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9
Q

To determine the TBW:

A

Something that distributes with all the water 3H2O

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10
Q

To determine the Interstitial Space:

A

ECS - plasma volume

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11
Q

To determine Intracellular space:

A

TBW- ECS

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12
Q

What are the main constituents of body fluids ?

A

Ions in the solution
Proteins
Dissolved gases, nutrients, metabolites
Cells in the blood

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13
Q

What is meant by the ionic composition of extra/intra cellular fluids and why is it important?

A

Na+, K+, Cl- are all major ions ( determine osmolarity, controls cell functions like cell signalling, muscle function, heart function, membrane potentials)

Concentrations of these differ considerably between ECF and ICF

It is important because the osmolarity in intracellular and extracellular must be equal. It prevents the movement of water due to any difference in osmolarity.

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14
Q

Osmole-

A

6.022 x 10^23 entities = 1 MOLE

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15
Q

Osmolarity-

A

1 Osmole per litre
of plasma controls the plasma volume (290 mosmol/litre)
of intracellular fluid controls the cell volume

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16
Q

Osmalility

A

1 Osmole per kg

17
Q

Eg - 140mmol/litre of NaCl=

A

280 mosm/litre

18
Q

How is pressure related to osmolarity

A

1 osmole in 22.4 litres exerts 760 mmHg

1 osmole/litre exerts 17,000 mmHg

19
Q

Crystalloid osmotic pressure-

A

due to the small diffusible ions- capillary walls are permeable to ions so there will be no crystalloid osmotic pressure difference

20
Q

Oncotic pressure-

A

due to the proteins- which cannot pass through capillary walls

21
Q

Tonicity

A

Describes the volume change of a cell placed in a solution

describes the state of a solution in respect to osmotic pressure.

22
Q

Hypertonic

A

greater solute in the solution

lower water potential in this solution compared to the solution on the other side

23
Q

Plasma

A

[Na+] = 140 mmol/l

[K+] = 4 mmol/l

[Ca2+] = 2mmol/l

[Cl-] = 110mmol/l

[Bicarbonate] = 24mmol/l

Na + is the major ion. therefore controls the blood volume

24
Q

Intracellular

A

[Na+] = 10 mmol/l

[K+] = 120 mmol/l

[Ca2+] = 100 mmol/l

K + is the major ion. therefore controls the cell volume

25
Q

Plasma Proteins-

A

Albumin- 48g/litre- plasma oncotic pressure, transport, buffering of pH

alpha, beta and gamma globulins 0.7-1.3g/litre - homeostasis, transport, immune system

Fibrinogen- 3g/litre

26
Q

What are the different types of blood cells?

A

Erythrocytes
Leucocytes
Platlets

27
Q

Erythrocytes

A

Buffering, Carriage of oxygen

Life span= 120 days

Male- 5.5 x 10^12 /litre - Hb= 160g/litre
Female- 4.8 x 10^12 /litre Hb=140g/litre

28
Q

Platlets

A

Total = 150-400 x 10^9 /litre

Central role in homeostasis

No nucleus. contains dense granules

29
Q

Leucocytes

A

Total WBCC roughly = 4-11 x 10^9 /litre

defends against foreign material, inflammatory and allergic responses

30
Q

Monocytes

A

migrates to tissues and form macrophages

31
Q

Lymphocytes

A

immune system- produces immunoglobins

32
Q

Granulocytes:

A

Basophils - release histamine
Neutrophils- chemotactic, phagocytic
Eosinophils- phagocytic

FBS1- PPP (16 decks)

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