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My Own Renal Physiology > Body Fluid Compartments. > Flashcards

Body Fluid Compartments. Flashcards

1
Q

The body is considered an open system

A

True

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2
Q

Why is the body considered an open system?

A
  1. Whatever it takes in it gives out

2. It exchanges energy and matter with th environment

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3
Q

How much water do e drink on average in a day?

A

1500L

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4
Q

How much water do we obtain from food?

A

750mls

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5
Q

How mich water so we obtain from metabolism of food?

A

250mls

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6
Q

Where does body obtain water from?

A

Normal water- drinks, alcohol,beverages
Food
Metabolism of food

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7
Q

Most amounts of water is lost via?

A

Urine-60 percent or 1500mls

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8
Q

Percentage of water lost via well formed feces?

A

100ml -4%

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9
Q

Percentage of water lost via sweat?

A

200mls -8%

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10
Q

Percentage of water lost via skin,lunhs and insensible loss?

A

700mls -28%

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11
Q

We lose water via?

A

Urine
Sweat
Feces
Insensible loss,skin, lungs

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12
Q

Regulatory influence for losing water through insensible lungs?

A

Atmospheric vapor and pressure

Temperature

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13
Q

Regulatory influence for losing water through insensible skin?

A

Burns on skin

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14
Q

Regulatory infurnce for losimg water cia sweat?

A

Temperature and excercise

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15
Q

Regulatory influence for losing water via feces?

A

Diarrhea

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16
Q

Regulatory influence for losimg water via urine?

A

Body fluid composition

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17
Q

Total body water will depend on?

A

Total body fat. Greater the fat, the less water contained?

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18
Q

Percentage of Body water in infants ?

A

73-80%

Infants tend to have leas fat hence more water.

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19
Q

Body water composition in males?

A

60%

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20
Q

Body water composition in females?

A

50%

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21
Q

Males have more body water than females. Why?

A

Females tend to have more adipose tissue hence reducing water component

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22
Q

Water composition in older people

A

45%

They lose their lean body mass which contains 70ml/100g water as they age

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23
Q

Fluid compartments are divided into?

A

2.

Intracellular and extracellular

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24
Q

Extracellular compartment further divided into?

A

3.

Plasma
Interstitial fluid
Trans cellular fluid

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25
Q

Components of transcellular compartment?

A 
Pericardial
Synovial
Peritonial
Pleural
Intra ocular 
Csf
Digestive secretions
26
Q

Intracellular fluid percentage of total body water?

A

40%

27
Q

Extracellular fluid composition of body water?

A

20%

28
Q

Components of body water?

A

Electrolytes-both positive and negatively charged

Non electrolytes- uncharged

29
Q

There is increased amount of sodium in what body compartment,

A

Extra cellular

30
Q

There is increased amount of Pottasium in what body compartment

A

Intacellularly

31
Q

Stahlings forces operate across which vessel?

A

Capillaries

32
Q

Type of starlings forces

A

Hydrostatic pressure-pressure exerted on the vessel

Plasma oncotic pressure -water movement in direction of proteins

33
Q

Osmolarity

A

Total number of solutes per litre of solution

34
Q

Plasma osmolarity usually represents ecf osmolarity. Why?

A

Plasma is clinically accessible

It is dominated by sodium and associated anions

Ecf osmolarity is estimated by sodium conc

Thus plasma used

35
Q

Excessive loss of water from ecf will increase total body osmolarity. Why?

A

Loss of water from ecf—> increased osmolarity in ecf—>drawing of water from icf—> increased osmarity in icf

Since icf volume is greater,total body osmolarity increases.

36
Q

Decrease in icf osmolarity will

A

Cause cells to swell

Total body osmarity lower than normal
This is bc ecf volume &laquo_space;than icf volume.
Increased ecf osmolarity would not have a general vital effect

37
Q

Lean body mass?

A

Fat free body mass

38
Q

Total body mass?

A

Lean body mass+ fat body mass

39
Q

Water content of lbm?

A

Constant.

70ml/100g of tissue

40
Q

Hydrostatic pressure

A

Pushes fluid out-transudation

41
Q

Osmotic pressure

A

Adsorbs fluid to whre protein is

42
Q

Stahlings forcs hypothesis

A

Balamce between hydrostatic pressure gradient and oncotic pressure gradient determine how much water is filtered across capillary

43
Q

Transudation occurs

A

If hydrostatic pressure is greater than oncotic pressure

44
Q

Adaorption occurs

A

If hydrostatic pressure is less than incotic pressure

45
Q

There are 4 recognized stahlings forces. They are?

A

Hydrostatic pressure in the capillary
Hydrostatic pressure outside the capillary
Net effect Pc -Pi
Pc opposes Pi cos one is pushing out the capillary and the other in

Oncotic pressure in the capillary
Oncotic pressure outside the capillary

Net effect pc-pi
Oppose each other cos one is drawing into the capillary and the other in.

46
Q

Net driving force to drive fluid out of capillary?

A

{Pc-Pi}-{pc-pi}

If net driving force is positive= transudation. Hydrostatic force was greater

If its negative = adsorption. Oncotic force was greater

47
Q

Net fluid flux

A

Pressure or amount of water filtered.

Proportional to net driving force.

Ie the greater tge hydrstatic pressure the greater the amount of fluid transudated

48
Q

What happens to pressure along the capillary?

A

From arteriolar end to venous end capillary pressure falls.

This means hydrostatic pressure falls, transudation falls. Oncotic pressure remains the same. Adsorbtion takes over.

49
Q

Capillary hydrosstatic pressure

A

Falls from arteriolar to venous end.

25mmHg to 10mmHg

50
Q

Interstitial hydrostatic pressure across capillary?

A

Constant. -6 at arteriolar end
-6 at venous end

This is because there are no valves in IF to pump blood hence negative values

51
Q

Capillary oncotic pressure

A

Remains constant from arteriolar end to venous end because proteins are thr same throughout capillary.
It is 25 at both ends

52
Q

Interstitial oncotic pressure across capillary?

A

Remains contant since equal distribution of proteins in interstitium.

5 from arteriolar end to venous end

53
Q

Organic substances in body fluids

A 
Glucose
Amino acid
Fatty acids
Hormones
Enzymes
54
Q

Inorganic substances in body fluids

A 
Sodium
Pottasium
Calcium
Magnesium
Chloride
Phosphate
Sulphate
55
Q

Ecf vs icf

A

Ecf. Icf
Na abundant.+ K abundant +
Cl. Abundant- Proteins and po4-

56
Q

2nd most abundant anion in ecc

A

Bicarbonate

57
Q

2nd most abundant icf cation

A

Mg

Present at synaptic cleft and neutomasclular junction

58
Q

Lymph

A

96% water

4% solid

59
Q

Milk

A

83-87% water
13-17% solid

Converted to galactose and facilitates growth of infant

In intestine converted to lactic acid to remove bacteria

Contains proteins vitamins minerals

60
Q

Csf

A 
Cusions brain and sc
Shock absorber
Influences hunger 
Regulates inteactanial pressure
100 ml produced a day
At any point 120-150 mls found
Changed 3 times a day

My Own Renal Physiology (3 decks)

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