Body Fluid Compartments.

Question 1

The body is considered an open system

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Why is the body considered an open system?

Answer 2

1. Whatever it takes in it gives out

2. It exchanges energy and matter with th environment

Question 3

How much water do e drink on average in a day?

Answer 3

1500L

Question 4

How much water do we obtain from food?

Answer 4

750mls

Question 5

How mich water so we obtain from metabolism of food?

Answer 5

250mls

Question 6

Where does body obtain water from?

Answer 6

Normal water- drinks, alcohol,beverages
Food
Metabolism of food

Question 7

Most amounts of water is lost via?

Answer 7

Urine-60 percent or 1500mls

Question 8

Percentage of water lost via well formed feces?

Answer 8

100ml -4%

Question 9

Percentage of water lost via sweat?

Answer 9

200mls -8%

Question 10

Percentage of water lost via skin,lunhs and insensible loss?

Answer 10

700mls -28%

Question 11

We lose water via?

Answer 11

Urine
Sweat
Feces
Insensible loss,skin, lungs

Question 12

Regulatory influence for losing water through insensible lungs?

Answer 12

Atmospheric vapor and pressure

Temperature

Question 13

Regulatory influence for losing water through insensible skin?

Answer 13

Burns on skin

Question 14

Regulatory infurnce for losimg water cia sweat?

Answer 14

Temperature and excercise

Question 15

Regulatory influence for losing water via feces?

Answer 15

Diarrhea

Question 16

Regulatory influence for losimg water via urine?

Answer 16

Body fluid composition

Question 17

Total body water will depend on?

Answer 17

Total body fat. Greater the fat, the less water contained?

Question 18

Percentage of Body water in infants ?

Answer 18

73-80%

Infants tend to have leas fat hence more water.

Question 19

Body water composition in males?

Answer 19

60%

Question 20

Body water composition in females?

Answer 20

50%

Question 21

Males have more body water than females. Why?

Answer 21

Females tend to have more adipose tissue hence reducing water component

Question 22

Water composition in older people

Answer 22

45%

They lose their lean body mass which contains 70ml/100g water as they age

Question 23

Fluid compartments are divided into?

Answer 23

2.

Intracellular and extracellular

Question 24

Extracellular compartment further divided into?

Answer 24

3.

Plasma
Interstitial fluid
Trans cellular fluid

Question 25

Components of transcellular compartment?

Answer 25

``` Pericardial Synovial Peritonial Pleural Intra ocular Csf Digestive secretions ```

Question 26

Intracellular fluid percentage of total body water?

Answer 26

40%

Question 27

Extracellular fluid composition of body water?

Answer 27

20%

Question 28

Components of body water?

Answer 28

Electrolytes-both positive and negatively charged Non electrolytes- uncharged

Question 29

There is increased amount of sodium in what body compartment,

Answer 29

Extra cellular

Question 30

There is increased amount of Pottasium in what body compartment

Answer 30

Intacellularly

Question 31

Stahlings forces operate across which vessel?

Answer 31

Capillaries

Question 32

Type of starlings forces

Answer 32

Hydrostatic pressure-pressure exerted on the vessel | Plasma oncotic pressure -water movement in direction of proteins

Question 33

Osmolarity

Answer 33

Total number of solutes per litre of solution

Question 34

Plasma osmolarity usually represents ecf osmolarity. Why?

Answer 34

Plasma is clinically accessible It is dominated by sodium and associated anions Ecf osmolarity is estimated by sodium conc Thus plasma used

Question 35

Excessive loss of water from ecf will increase total body osmolarity. Why?

Answer 35

Loss of water from ecf—> increased osmolarity in ecf—>drawing of water from icf—> increased osmarity in icf Since icf volume is greater,total body osmolarity increases.

Question 36

Decrease in icf osmolarity will

Answer 36

Cause cells to swell Total body osmarity lower than normal This is bc ecf volume << than icf volume. Increased ecf osmolarity would not have a general vital effect

Question 37

Lean body mass?

Answer 37

Fat free body mass

Question 38

Total body mass?

Answer 38

Lean body mass+ fat body mass

Question 39

Water content of lbm?

Answer 39

Constant. 70ml/100g of tissue

Question 40

Hydrostatic pressure

Answer 40

Pushes fluid out-transudation

Question 41

Osmotic pressure

Answer 41

Adsorbs fluid to whre protein is

Question 42

Stahlings forcs hypothesis

Answer 42

Balamce between hydrostatic pressure gradient and oncotic pressure gradient determine how much water is filtered across capillary

Question 43

Transudation occurs

Answer 43

If hydrostatic pressure is greater than oncotic pressure

Question 44

Adaorption occurs

Answer 44

If hydrostatic pressure is less than incotic pressure

Question 45

There are 4 recognized stahlings forces. They are?

Answer 45

Hydrostatic pressure in the capillary Hydrostatic pressure outside the capillary Net effect Pc -Pi Pc opposes Pi cos one is pushing out the capillary and the other in Oncotic pressure in the capillary Oncotic pressure outside the capillary Net effect pc-pi Oppose each other cos one is drawing into the capillary and the other in.

Question 46

Net driving force to drive fluid out of capillary?

Answer 46

{Pc-Pi}-{pc-pi} If net driving force is positive= transudation. Hydrostatic force was greater If its negative = adsorption. Oncotic force was greater

Question 47

Net fluid flux

Answer 47

Pressure or amount of water filtered. Proportional to net driving force. Ie the greater tge hydrstatic pressure the greater the amount of fluid transudated

Question 48

What happens to pressure along the capillary?

Answer 48

From arteriolar end to venous end capillary pressure falls. This means hydrostatic pressure falls, transudation falls. Oncotic pressure remains the same. Adsorbtion takes over.

Question 49

Capillary hydrosstatic pressure

Answer 49

Falls from arteriolar to venous end. | 25mmHg to 10mmHg

Question 50

Interstitial hydrostatic pressure across capillary?

Answer 50

Constant. -6 at arteriolar end -6 at venous end This is because there are no valves in IF to pump blood hence negative values

Question 51

Capillary oncotic pressure

Answer 51

Remains constant from arteriolar end to venous end because proteins are thr same throughout capillary. It is 25 at both ends

Question 52

Interstitial oncotic pressure across capillary?

Answer 52

Remains contant since equal distribution of proteins in interstitium. 5 from arteriolar end to venous end

Question 53

Organic substances in body fluids

Answer 53

``` Glucose Amino acid Fatty acids Hormones Enzymes ```

Question 54

Inorganic substances in body fluids

Answer 54

``` Sodium Pottasium Calcium Magnesium Chloride Phosphate Sulphate ```

Question 55

Ecf vs icf

Answer 55

Ecf. Icf Na abundant.+ K abundant + Cl. Abundant- Proteins and po4-

Question 56

2nd most abundant anion in ecc

Answer 56

Bicarbonate

Question 57

2nd most abundant icf cation

Answer 57

Mg Present at synaptic cleft and neutomasclular junction

Question 58

Lymph

Answer 58

96% water | 4% solid

Question 59

Milk

Answer 59

83-87% water 13-17% solid Converted to galactose and facilitates growth of infant In intestine converted to lactic acid to remove bacteria Contains proteins vitamins minerals

Question 60

Csf

Answer 60

``` Cusions brain and sc Shock absorber Influences hunger Regulates inteactanial pressure 100 ml produced a day At any point 120-150 mls found Changed 3 times a day ```