Body Fluid Flashcards
Leukocytes
WBCs , colourless due to lack of haemoglobin , nucleated and lesser in number (avg- 6000-8000 mm-3pm blood)
Main categories of WBCs
Granulocytes and agranulocytes
Different types of granulocytes
Neutrophils, Eosinophils, and Basophils
Types of agranulocytes
Lymphocytes and monocytes
Why are neutrophils and monocytes are phagocytic cells
Because they destroy foreign organisms entering the body
Basophils secrete
Histamine, serotonin, heparin
Two types of lymphocytes
B and T forms , both responsible for immune response of the body
Groupings of blood
The ABO and Rh
About ABO grouping
ABO grouping is based on the presence or absence of two surface antigens on the RBCs, namely A and B
Antibodies
proteins produced in response to antigens
Distribution of antigen and antibodies are in four groups of blood
A, B , AB and O
Blood group A:
1.antigens on the RBCs -
2.antibodies in plasma -
3.donors group -
1.A
2.anti-B
3.A,O
Blood group B:
1.antigens on RBC -
2.antibodies in plasma -
3.donors group -
1.B
2.anti A
3.B,O
Blood group, AB:
1.antigens on RBCs -
2.antibodies in plasma -
3.Donors group -
1.A,B
2.nil
3.AB, A, B, O
Blood group O
1.antigen on RBCs
2.antibodies in plasma
3.donors group
1.nil
2.anti A, B
3. 0
Which blood group is the universal donor?
Blood group O is the universal donor.
Which blood group is the universal recipients?
Persons with AB group can accept blood from persons with AB as well as the other groups of blood. Hence they are known as universal recipients.
Full form of RH antigen
Rhesus monkeys
Percentage of RH antigen in the surface of RBCs
Nearly 80%
How can an individual be RH positive and RH negative
If the person contains more than 80% of RH antigen on the surface of RBC, they are RH positive and if this antigen is absent, they are RH negative
What is the condition seen in erythroblastosis foetalis?
This is a type of incompatibility between the RH negative blood of a pregnant mother with RH, positive blood of the foetus, RH antigen of the poet do not get exposed to the RH blood of the mother in the first pregnancy as the two bloods are well separated by the placenta. However, during the delivery of the first child, there is a possibility of exposure of the maternal blood to small amounts of the RH positive blood from the foetus In such cases, the mother start preparing antibodies against our age antigen in her blood. In case of her subsequent pregnancy, the RH antibodies from the mother RH negative can leak into blood of the RH positive and destroy the foetal RBC, this could be fatal to the foetus or could cause severe anaemia and jaundice to the baby
