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Disciplines Exam 2 SHEA > Body Dysmorphic Disorder > Flashcards

Body Dysmorphic Disorder Flashcards

1
Q
  • Preoccupation with nonexistance or slight defects in visual appearance.
  • Believe they look abnormal, unnattractive, ugly, or deformed, BUT really they are normal appearing
  • Extreme cases: describe themselves as looking like freak, monster, burn victim, “elephant man”
  • Focus on perceived unacceptability of themselves to others

(michael jackson)

A

Body Dysmorphia Disorder

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2
Q

Body Dysmorphic Disorder

  • Mean age of onset
  • Most common age of onset
  • 2/3 have disorder before age ___.
A
  • Mean: 16 - 17
  • MC: 12 - 13
  • 2/3 before: 18 years
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3
Q

What are 2 risk factors of Body Dysmorphia?

A
  • Childhood neglect
  • Childhood abuse
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4
Q

What are the 2 types of processing issues people w/ Body Dysmorphia have?

A
  • Visual processing abnormality: --> bias for analyzing/encoding details RATHER than holistic/configural aspects
  • Emotional processing deficits: –> misinterpretation of facial expressions
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5
Q
  • Preoccupation w/ 1 or more “perceived” defects/flaws in physical appearance. (These flaws are NOT observable by others/appear slight to others).
  • Think of themselves as unattractive, not right, or look hideous/monster
A

Body Dysmorphic Disorder

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6
Q

At some point in the course of body dysmorphic disorder, the individual has performed what 2 things?

A
  • Repetitive behaviors (checking self in mirror, excessive grooming, skin picking, seeking reassurance)
  • Mental acts (comparing their appearance to others)
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7
Q

On average, how many hours a day do people w/ BD spend in significant distress or impairment in social or occupational functioning?

A

3 - 8 hours / day

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8
Q

What do you need to specify if pt is dx w/ BD?

A

Specify if it is Muscle Dysmorphia (pt preoccupied w/ idea that his/her body is too small or insufficiently muscular)

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9
Q
  • What else needs to be specified w/ pt dx w/ BD?
A

Degree of insight

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10
Q
  • What 2 things are people w/ BD ashamed of?

(They don’t reveal sxs unless specifically asked. )

A
  • Their appearance
  • Being misunderstood/negatively judged
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11
Q

What are the 3 most common body areas of BD?

A
  • Skin (acne, scars, lines, wrinkles, paleness)
  • Hair (thinning, excess hair on body)
  • Nose (size or shape)

(But any body area can be the focus)

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12
Q
  • “some” individuals w/ BD are concerned about what?
  • “many” have ideas/delusions of reference about what?
A
  • “some” w/ Perceived asymmetry
  • “many” believe others take special notice/mock them
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13
Q
  • Majority of people w/ BD receive cosmetic tx to try and improve perceived defects, what are the 2 most common cosmetic tx?
A
  • Dermatological
  • Surgery
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14
Q
  • Impaired social functioning, bc/ of appearance concerns, what are 2 ways people w/ BD cope w/ this?
A
  • Avoid some social situations
  • Completely homebound
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15
Q
  • Self quality of life ratings are typically poor for people w/ BD.
  • What % of “youths” report dropping out of school due to sxs associated w/ BD?
A
  • 20%
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16
Q
  • What is the most common comorbidity which onsets after patient develops BD?
  • What are the next 2 most common?
A
  • #1 Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)
  • Social anxiety disorder
  • Substance related disorders
17
Q
  • What should you discourage as far as tx options go for BD? Why discourage this?
A
  • Cosmetic interventions
  • Most respond poorly to the procedures
18
Q
  • Persistant (long standing) difficulty discarding or parting w/ posessions, REGARDLESS of their actual value
    • Discarding (throwing away, recycling, giving away, selling)
    • Perceived utility/aesthetic value
    • Fear of losing important info
  • Saving possessions is INTENTIONAL
A

Hoarding

19
Q

Do males or females suffer more from Body Dysmorphic Disorder?

A

Equal, ratio is 1:1

20
Q
  • What % of people w/ Body Dysmorphia engage in camouflaging? (frequent clothing changes)
  • How many times a day do they change their clothes?
A
  • 90%
  • > 4 times/day
21
Q

Which insight of BD?

  • Individual recognizes that the body dysmorphic disorder beliefs are definitely or probably not true OR that they may/may not be true.
A

Good or Fair Insight

22
Q

Which insight of BD?

  • Thinks beliefs are “probably true”
A

Poor Insight (majority of pts w/ BD)

23
Q

Which insight of BD?

  • Pt completely convinced the beliefs are true
A

Absent insight / Delusional beliefs

24
Q
  • What is the 1st line tx for BD?

(3 types)

  • Consider tapering off meds after how long?
A
  • CBT
  • SSRI
    • Escitalopram***
    • Sertraline
    • Fluoxetine
  • Tricyclic antidepressants (inhibit reuptake of serotonin & norepinephrine
    • Clomipramine
  • 1 - 2 years taper off
25
Q

What are the most common items people hoard?

A
  • newspapers
  • magazines
  • old clothes
  • bags
  • books
  • mail
  • paperwork

Disciplines Exam 2 SHEA (11 decks)

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