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BOC Prep > BOC Review > Flashcards

BOC Review Flashcards

1
Q

Pes Planus

A

Flat Footed

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2
Q

Pes Cavus

A

High Arched

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3
Q

Genu Valgus

A

Knees in

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4
Q

Genu Varus

A

Knees out (Bowlegged)

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5
Q

Coxa Valga

A

Deformity of the hip where the angle formed between the head and neck of the femur and its shafts is increased, usually above 135 degrees. It is caused by a slipped epiphysis of the femoral head.

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6
Q

Coxa Vara

A

A deformity of the hip, where the angle between the head and the shaft of the femur is reduced to less than 120 degrees. Commonly caused by injury, such as a fracture.

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7
Q

McBurney’s Point

A

A name given to the point over the right side of the abdomen. This point roughly corresponds to the most common location of the base of the appendix. Appedicitis.

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8
Q

Kerr’s Point

A

Referred pain in the left shoulder. Ruptured spleen.

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9
Q

Erb’s Point

A

TOS above the clavicle.

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10
Q

Mallet Finger

A

Injury to the extensor tendon of the DIP. Pt is unable to extend DIP. The distal phalanx stays in flexion.

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11
Q

Boutonniere Deformity

A

Injury to the extensor hood of the finger. Pt is unable to extend the IP joint of the finger.
DIP - Extension
PIP- Flexion
MCP - Extension

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12
Q

Swan Neck Deformity

A

Stretching of the volar plate causing hyperextenion.

Flexion of the DIP, Hyperextension of the PIP

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13
Q

Dupuytren’s Contracture

A

AKA palmar fibromatosis or morbus Dupuytren.
A flexion contracture of the hand due to a palmar fibromatosis, and pt cannot fully extend. Usually in 4th and 5th digits.

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14
Q

Trigger Finger

A

A common disorder characterized by catching, snapping or locking of the involved finger flexor tendon associated with dysfuncition and pain.
AKA stenosing tenosynovitis.

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15
Q

Normal Leukocyte Count per cu mm

A

4000 to 10000/cu mm

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16
Q

Spondylolisthesis

A

When the vertebrae slips forward (anteriorly) over the bone below it.

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17
Q

Spondylolysis

A

Fx in the pars interarticularis.

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18
Q

Spondylosis

A

Degenerative osteoarthritis of the vertebrae or neural foramina.

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19
Q

Osetoarthritis

A

A type of arthritis, aka degenerative joint disease. Results from the breakdown of joint cartilage and underlying bone.

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20
Q

Rhuematoid Arthritis

A

An type of arthritis that is actually an auto-immune disease.

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21
Q

Cyanosis

A

Blue of purple coloration of the skin, having low oxygen saturation.

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22
Q

Levator Palpebrae superioris

A

Superioris - elevates the eyelid

Inferioris - Depresses the eyelid

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23
Q

Orbicularis Oculi

A

Closes the eye

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24
Q

Bankhart lesion

A

A lesion to the anterior capsule of the shoulder with an associated tear of the glenoid labrum.
Usually the result of a dislocation, and is accompanied by an Hill-Sachs Lesion.

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25
Q

Hill-Sachs Lesion

A

A cortical depression in the posteriolateral head of the humerus.
Resulting from a forceful impaction of the humeral head against the anterioinferior glenoid rim, when the shoulder dislocates anteriorly.

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26
Q

Aura

A

A sensation felt just before a seizure. AKA Pre-ictal.

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27
Q

Vaginitis

A

Inflammation of the vagina that can result in discharge, itching and pain. The cause is usually a change in the normal balance of vaginal bacteria or an infection.

Bacterial vaginitis - overgrowth of bacteria

Yeast infections - fungus called Candida albicans

Trichomoniasis - parasite transmitted by sex.

Vaginal Atrophy - results from reduced estrogen levels after menopause.

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28
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Bones become weak and brittle.
Risk factors include: Early menopause, high consumption of alcohol, cigs, and caffeine, sedentary lifestyle, and lack of folic acid in the diet.

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29
Q

Pinna

A

Also called the auricle, the visible part of the ear the resides outside of the head.

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30
Q

Bone Scan

A

Involves an injection of radioactive substance into a vein , which is absorbed by bone. Bone scans can then detect abnormal levels of uptake or hot spots in the bone. Useful for indicating stress fractures.

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31
Q

Crohn’s Disease

A

Inflammatory bowel disease. Causes inflammation of the lining of your digestive tract. Can involve different areas of the digestive tract.

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32
Q

MRI

A

Magnetic Resonance Imaging - Allows clinician to view structurs without the pt. injecting or taking dye. No METAL!

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33
Q

CT Scan

A

Cross sectional view.

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34
Q

PET Scan

A

Positron Emission Tomography scan - PET scans use a radioactive drug that can be injected, swallowed, or inhaled. Scans metabolic activity in the body.

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35
Q

Fluoroscopy

A

Real time imaging, mostly used for the vascular structures.

Does expose the pt. to radiation.

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36
Q

Diagnostic US

A

Used for musculoskeletal reasons.

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37
Q

Histamine

A

Dilates blood vessels, and makes them more permeable.

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38
Q

Antihistamine

A 
They don't vasoconstrict but they just block histamine receptors.
Dimetapp
Benadryl
Clartin
Allegra
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39
Q

Ultram

A

(tramadol) a narcotic-like pain reliever.

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40
Q

Tinactin Spray

A

Treats certain fungal infections such as athletes foot and ringworm.

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41
Q

Tetracycline

A

An antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections such as UTI, Clamydia and acne.

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42
Q

Essential Body Fat Percentages for Men and Women.

A

The least amount of fat you need to survive.
Men 2-5%
Women 10-13%

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43
Q

Body Fat Percentages Norm

A

Athletes Women 14-20% Men 6-13%
Fitness Women 21-24% Men 14-17%
Average Women 25-31% Men 18-25%
Obese Women 32%+ Men 25%+

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44
Q

Inflammation Cardinal Signs

A 
Pain
Heat
Redness
Swelling
Loss of Function
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45
Q

Dolor

A

Pain

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46
Q

Calor

A

Heat

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47
Q

Rubor

A

Redness

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48
Q

Tumor

A

Swelling

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49
Q

Functio Laesa

A

Loss of Function

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50
Q

Cortex (brain)

A

Thinking and voluntary movement.

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51
Q

Brain Stem

A 
Controls life supporting functions like:
Alertness
Arousal
Breathing
Blood Pressure
Digestion
Heart Rate
Other Autonomic Functions
Relays information between the peripheral nerves and spinal cord to the upper parts of the brain.
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52
Q

Cerebellum

A

Coordination and Balance.

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53
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

Judgement and motor function.

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54
Q

Partietal Lobes

A

Sensation, body position.

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55
Q

Temporal Lobes

A

Memory and Hearing

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56
Q

Occipital Lobes

A

Visual processing center.

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57
Q

Meningies

A 
From superficial to deep:
Epidural space
Dura Mater
Arachnoid Mater
Subarachnoid Space
Pia Mater
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58
Q

Epidural Hematoma

A

Bleeding in the epidural space, worse than cerebral hematoma because it bleeds quicker adding pressure faster.

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59
Q

Reye’s Syndrome

A

Casues swelling of the liver and brain. Often affect children and teenagers recovering from a viral infection, most commonly the flu or chickenpox.
Aspirin has been liked to Reye’s Syndrome. Children and teenagers should never take aspirin when experiencing flu-like, or chickenpox sx’s.

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60
Q

Raynaud’s Syndrome

A

Vasospastic disorder in which cold temperatures narrows blood vessels in areas of the body, most commonly the distal extremities.

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61
Q

Crutches

A

2 crutches:
Crutches should reach between 1 1/2 and 2 inches belowthe armpit (or 3 finger widths).
Hand grips should be even with the top of the hip line.
Put crutches out 6” to a foot in front of you, swing through landing on the good leg.

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62
Q

Canes

A

Cane should reach the crease of the hand.
Elbow should be slightly bet when holding your cane.
Cane is held on the opposite side that needs support.
Ex.) right leg hurts, then hold cane in left hand.

The cane moves with the bad leg.

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63
Q

Calcaneal Stress Fractures

A

Along with Tibial stress fx and of the second metatarsal are among the most common stress fx in the LE.

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64
Q

Sever’s Disease

A

A calcaneal Apophysitis occurs in young pts.

A traction injury to the apophysis of the cancaneus.

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65
Q

Retocalcaneal Bursitis

A

Inflammation of the bursa that lies between the Achillies tendon and the calcaneus.

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66
Q

Cuboid Subluxation

A

Pronation and trauma have been reported to be prominent causes of cuboid subluxation.

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67
Q

Lisfranc Injury

A

Tarsometatarsal Fracture/Dislocation

More uncommon.

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68
Q

Second Metatarsal Stress Fx

A

AKA Morton’s Toe
Mortons toes is when the second toe is longer than the first toe. More weight then goes onto this toe and can result in a stress fx.

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69
Q

Jones Fx

A

Fx to the diaphysis of the fifth metatarsal

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70
Q

Bunions

A

AKA Hallux Valgus Deformity and tailor’s Bunion.
Commonly the first ray splays outward placing pressure over the first metatarsal head irritating the bursa of the MTP joint. This bursa eventually thickens.

A bunionette or tailor’s Bunsion is a bunion on the 5th MTP joint.

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71
Q

Sesmoiditis

A

Sesmoiditis is caused by repetitive hyperextension. Inflammation of the sesmoid bones and tendons.

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72
Q

Morton’s Neuroma

A

A mass that occurs about the nerve shealth of the common plantar nerve. Between the 3rd and 4th metatarsal heads.

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73
Q

Turf Toe

A

Hyperextension of the great toe that results in a sprain of the MTP joint.

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74
Q

Subungual Hematoma

A

Blood that accumulates under the toenail

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75
Q

Ankle Osteochondritis Dissecans

A

OCD of the talar dome (superiormedial articular surface of the talar dome).

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76
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

Infection in a bone

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77
Q

Compartment Syndrome

A

Acute - Secondary to trauma , this is a medical emergency. (fasciotomy)
Chronic - symptoms cease when activity stops.
Acute Exertional - Occurs without any precipitating trauma.

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78
Q

Patella Alta

A

The patella sets in a more superior position than normal when the pt. is standing.

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79
Q

Patella Baja

A

The patella sets in a more inferior position than normal when the pt. is standing. The ratio of patellar tendon length to the height of the patella is less than the normal 1:1 ratio.

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80
Q

Genu Recuvratum

A

Hyperextended knees.

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81
Q

Hemarthrosis

A

Blood in the joint cavity.

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82
Q

Gerdy’s Tubercle

A

A lateral tubercle of the tibia where the Iliotibial tract inserts and Tibialis Anterior

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83
Q

Pes Anseinus

A

Refers to the conjoined tendons of:
Sartorius
Gracilis
Semitendinosus

84
Q

The A Angle

A

Measures the patellar orientation to the tibial tubercle. This angle is created by the intersection of a line that bisects the patella longitudinally and a line from the tibial tubercle to the apex of the inferior pole of the patella.
An angle of 35 degrees or greater has been correlated with patellofemoral pathomechanics.

85
Q

The Q Angle

A

An angle created when lines from the middle of the patella to the ASIS and a line from the tibial tubercle to the center of the patella intersect.
Normal Q-angle for men is 10 degrees
Normal Q-angle for women is 15 degrees.

Q-angles that exceed 20 degrees are considered excessive and could lead to pathologies.

86
Q

Sinding-Larsen-Johanson Disease

A

Apophysitis occurs at the inferior pole of the patella.

87
Q

HDL Cholesterol

A

High Density Lipoprotiens Greater than 60 milligrams per deciliter.

Less than 40 milligrams per deciliter is bad.

88
Q

LDL Cholesterol

A

Low Density Lipoprotiens Should be less than 130 milligrams per deciliter.

Anything above 130 is bad.

89
Q

Osgood-Schlatter Disease

A

Apophysitis of the tibial tubersosity

90
Q

Runner’s Knee

A

ITBS and/or Pes Anserius Tendinitis or Bursitis.

91
Q

Myositis Ossificans

A

AKA Heterotrophic Ossification

Calcifications of bone/cartilage in the pooing blood, if not treated proplery.

92
Q

Otitis Media

A

Inner ear infection.

93
Q

Otitis Externia

A

(Swimmers Ear) Outer ear infection

94
Q

Cauliflower Ear

A

Auricular (Pinna) Hematoma

95
Q

Otoscope

A

Used for looking into the ear.

96
Q

Impacted Cerumen

A

Earwax accumulates and clogs the ear canal.

97
Q

Parts of the Small Intestine

A 
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum (don't confuse this with the Ilium of the pelvis)
98
Q

Hip Anteversion

A

The femoral neck is directed anteriorly.
A hip with excess of the normal 35 degrees of of internal rotation is characteristic of hip anteversion.
Feet and toe in.

99
Q

Hip Retroversion

A

The femoral neck is directed posteriorly.
A hip with excess of the normal 45 degrees of external rotation is characteristic of femoral retroversion.
Feet and toes out.

100
Q

Azithromyacin

A

(Zithromax, Z-pack)

An antibiotic, can be used for URI and Clamydia.

101
Q

Normal Femoral Neck Angle

A

15 degrees anterior to the long axis of the shaft of the femur.

102
Q

FABER Test

A

AKA Patrick FABER test.
(Flexion, Abduction, External Rotation)
Detects pathological conditions of the hip and SI joint.
The foot of the painful leg is paced on the opposite extended knee. Pressure is then applied tot he bent knee. Pain may be felt.

103
Q

Anatomical (True) Leg Length Discrepancy

A

Measured from the ASIS to the Medial malleoli.

104
Q

Functional Leg Length Discrepancy

A

Measured from the umbllicus to the medial malleoli.

105
Q

Cirrhosis

A

A condition where the liver does not function properly due to long term damage.(Scarring)

106
Q

Myopia

A

Near Sited

107
Q

Hyperopia

A

Farsightedness

108
Q

Wolf-Parkinson White Disease

A

Preexcitation of the heart. Elongated QRS, Short PR. Early Depolarization

109
Q

Decorticate

A

Flexion of wrist and elbows. Rigid Body (and D) hehe

110
Q

Decellebrate

A

Full extension of the body.

111
Q

Chemotaxis

A

The movement of cells to a location. Like in inflammation.

112
Q

Pediculosis

A

Lice

113
Q

Goiter

A

Enlargement of the thyroid gland

114
Q

Diaphoresis

A

Sweating, especially to an unusual degree. Like after taking some sort of medication.

115
Q

Myoglobin

A

Muscle Protien

116
Q

Parotitis

A

Inflammation of the paratoid glands

117
Q

Spina Bifida Occulta

A

Incomplete closing of the veratbrae.

118
Q

Tay-Sachs Disease

A

A disorder in which lipids accumulate in the brain, causing spasticity and death.

119
Q

Claudication

A

Limping or impaired walking.

120
Q

Snellen Chart

A

Used to check visual acuity.

121
Q

Opthalmascope

A

Instrument to view the inside of the eye.

122
Q

Otoscope

A

Instrument to view the inside of the ear

123
Q

Sphygomoanometer

A

Blood Pressure Cuff

124
Q

Hand Dynamometer

A

Measures grip strength

125
Q

Stethoscope

A

Instrument used to listen to the body.

126
Q

Potentiating Drug

A

A drug that is used to increase the effects of another drug.

127
Q

Normal Dosage for Aspirin

A

325 mg

128
Q

Cystitis

A

UTI, Bladder bacterial infection.

129
Q

Antitussive

A

Cough Suppressant. Can also be used to increase the production of fluid in the respiratory system (expectorants).

130
Q

Antipyretic

A

Fever Reducer

131
Q

Antipruritic

A

Anti-Itch

132
Q

Corticosteroids

A

Cortisone is most common, used primarily for chronic inflammation

133
Q

Antiemetics

A

Treat nausea and vomiting.

134
Q

Carminatives

A

Anti-FART

135
Q

Carthartics

A

Laxitives

136
Q

Histamines -2 Blockers

A

Treat peptic and gastric ulcers and other gI hypersecretory conditions..
Like: Tagamet and Zantac.

137
Q

Analgesic

A

Treat Pain.

138
Q

Acetaminophen

A

(Tylenol) is an analgesic and antipyretic but has NO anti-inflammatory effect.

139
Q

Acetylsalicylic Acid

A

(Aspirin)
Analgeics
Antiinflammatory
Antipyretics.

Asthmatic pts may be at greater risk of allergic aspirin.

140
Q

NSAIDs

A

Have antiinflammaotry, antipyretics and analgesic properties.

141
Q

Margination

A

Neutrophiles and macrophages line up along the cell wall.

142
Q

Neutrophils

A

A type of leukocyte.

143
Q

Inflammation Sequences

A 
Injury
Vasoconstriction
Injured mast cells release chemical mediators (Histamine, Leukotrienes, Cytokines)
Vasodialation
Exudate
Platlets and leukocytes adhere to vascular wall
Phagocytosis
Clot formation
144
Q

Blood Coagulation (Formation of a clot)

A 
thromboplastin
Prothrombin
Thrombin
Fibrinogen
Insoluable Fibrin Clot

Clot formation begins around 12 hours after injury and is completed within 48 hours.

145
Q

Hypoxemia

A

Low concentration of oxygen in the blood.

146
Q

Hyperhidrosis

A

Sweating excessively

147
Q

Hyernatremia

A

Elevated sodium level in the blood.

148
Q

Risk Factors for Cold Injuries

A 
Lean Body Composition
Females
Older Age
Black race
Lower Fitness Level
Presence of comorbidity
149
Q

Macule

A

Freckle or flat spot

150
Q

Papule

A

Wart

151
Q

Plaque or Patch

A

A macule or papule larger tan 1/2 inch in diameter.

152
Q

Nodule

A

Solid mass less than 1/2 inch deeper into the dermis than a papule.

ex.) Dermatofibroma fibrosis

153
Q

Tumor

A

Solid mass larger than 1/2 inch.

ex.) cavernous hemangioma (tumor filled with blood vessels)

154
Q

Cyst

A

Encapsulated, fluidfilled lesion in the dermis or subcutis.

ex.) Epidermoid Cyst

155
Q

Wheal

A

Papule or plaque caused by serum collected into the dermis, allergic reactions.

ex.) Uticaria

156
Q

Vesicle

A

Fluid filled elevation less than 1/2 inch just below the epidermis.

ex.) Smallpox, chickenpox.

157
Q

Bulla

A

Like a vesicle but larger.

ex.) second degree burn, friction blister.

158
Q

Pustule

A

Like a vesicle or bulla but contains pus.

ex.) Acne

159
Q

Cellulitis

A

An inflammation of cells and connective tissue that extend deep into the tissues.

160
Q

Secondary Skin Lesions

A 
Scales
Crust
Fissure
Excoriation
Erosion
Ulcer
Scar
161
Q

Hyperkeratosis

A

Calluses!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

162
Q

Soft and Hard Corns

A

Hyperkeratoses caused by abnormal skin pressure and friction.

163
Q

Bacillis

A

A bacteria often found in salivia, soil and feces. Tentinus is a type of bacillis.

164
Q

Bleach Concentration to Water

A

1:10

165
Q

Xerotic Skin

A

Dry Skin

166
Q

Wounds

A 
Abrasions
Punctures
Lacerations 
Incisions
Avulsions
Bruises
167
Q

Bacterial Skin Infections

A 
Bacterial infections can be Staphylococcus, Streptococcus or Bacillus and include:
Methicillin-Resistant Staphlococcus aurea (MSRA)
Impetigo Contagiosa
Furuncles
Carbuncles
Folliculitis
Kidradentis Suppurativa
Acne Vulgaris
Paronychia and Onychia
Tetanus Infection
168
Q

Fungal Skin Infections

A 
Tinea Capitis (Scalp)
Tinea Corporis (body)
Tinea Unguiun/Onychomycosis (Nails)
Tinea Cruris (Groin)
Tines Pedis (Foot)
Candidiasis
Tinea Versicolor
169
Q

Dermatophytes

A

(Ringworm Fungi) are the cause of most skin, nail, and hiar fungal infections. They belong to the three genera: Microsporum, Trichophyton and Epidermophyton.

170
Q

Viral Skin Infection

A

Herpes simplex
Herpes Zoster
Verruca (Warts)
Molluscum Contagiosum (Poxvirus)

171
Q

Impetigo

A

Can be Strep or Staph
Sings and Sx’s
Itching and soreness
Smal vesciles and/or pustules that rupture to form honey-colored crust

172
Q

Furuncles

A

or Boils are infections of the hair follicle that usually result in pustule formation.

173
Q

Carbuncles

A

The difference between a carbuncle and a furuncle is that a carbuncle is larger ad deeper and usually has several openings in the skin.
It may produce a fever and an elevation in white blood cell count.

174
Q

Folliculitis

A

Inflammatory condition of the hair follicle. This can be infectious or non infectious.

175
Q

Hidradenitis Suppurativa

A

a chronis inflammatory condition of the apocrine glands or large sweat glands, commonly found in the axilla, sctroum, labia majora and nipples.

176
Q

Acne Vulgaris

A

Inflammatory disease that involves the hair follicles and the sebaceous glands. It is characterized as comedones (whiteheads), open comedones (blackheads), papules, pustules, and cysts.

177
Q

Candidiasis

A

A skin, mucous membrane, or internal infection caused by the yeastlike fungus Candida Albicans and some other species

178
Q

Herpes Simplex

A 
Type 1 (Galdiatorum) Extragenitally
Type 2 Genitally
179
Q

Herpes Labialis

A

Cold Sore

180
Q

Herpes Zoster

A

Shingles. Appears in a specific pattern on the body in an area that is innervated by a specific nerve root.

Antiviral drugs, such as valacyclovir, are used to shorten the course and reduce the recurrence of herpes outbreaks.

181
Q

Verruca

A

Warts
Common wart
Verruca Plantaris (Plantar Wart)

182
Q

Molluscum Contagiosum

A

A poxvirus infection.

Treatment include cleansing thoroughly and using destructive procedure such as the use of a powerful counterirritant.

183
Q

Allergic Reactions

A

Immediate hypersensitivity reactions manifest as uticaria or hives.

184
Q

Contact Dermatitis (Allergic and Irritant)

A

Allergic contact dermatitis is an immmunologically mediated reaction to a foreign to a foreign substance, whereas irritant contact dermatitis is a nonimmunological reaction to a chemical irritant.

185
Q

Mites

A

(Scabies)
Caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei.
Produces night time itching. The mite buries and lays eggs in 1/4 to 1/2 inches down.
Treated by Elimite. a topical cream.

186
Q

Pediculosis

A

Lice.
Treatment is rapid with the use of any number of agents. NIX is an over-the-counter synthetic pyrethroid permethrin that is very effective in treating head and pubic lice.

187
Q

Fleas

A

Little nasty fucks.

Treated with an antipruritic lotion, such as calamine or a topical corticosteroid.

188
Q

Ticks

A

Little nasty shits.
To remove a tick, mineral oil or fingernail polish is applied to its body, at which time it will withdraw its head. Grasping or pulling the tick by its head is an acceptable method for removal.
RMSF and Lyme disease are serious illnesses with significant morbidity and mortality which is treated with systemic antibiotics.

189
Q

Pityriasis Rosea

A

An acute inflammatory skin rash of unknown origin that occurs most commonly in people between the ages of 10 and 35,
Characterized by “herald patch”.
Treatment is conservative.

190
Q

Psoriasis

A

A chronic skin disease that causes itching.
Unknown cause but there is some genetic factor present.
Treatment involves pt education, topical corticoids in combination with kerolytic agents to remove the scales.

191
Q

Sporonox and Lamisil

A

Itraconazole and terbenafine respectively.

Are systemic medications for fingal ungiuim/onychomycosis.

192
Q

Suffix -zole

A

Antifungals

193
Q

Volkman’s Contracture

A

Volkmann’s contracture is a type of forearm ischemia (lack of blood flow) resulting from brachial artery injury, usually associated with supracondylar fractures of the humerus. Classic involvement is with the median nerve. Contracture results from insufficient arterial perfusion and venous stasis followed by ischemic degeneration of the muscle.

Irreversible damage begins after 4 to 6 hours .

194
Q

Guyon’s Canal

A

AKA The Ulnar Canal
A canal in the wrist that allows passage of the ulnar artery and ulnar nerve.

Boundries: Roof - superficial palmar carpal ligament.
Floor - Flexor retinaculum and hypothernar muscles.

Associated with handle bar palsy

195
Q

Colles Fx

A

A fx of the distal radius with dorsal and radial displacement of the wrist and hand. “Dinner Fork” of “Bayonet” deformities.

196
Q

Smith Fx

A

AKA the reverse Colles or Goyrand-Smith Fx.

A fracture of the distal radius that is displaced volarly

197
Q

Bennet’s Fx

A

A fracture of the base of the first metacarpal.

198
Q

Tarsal Tunnel

A

Posterior to the medial Malleolus.
Roof: Flexor retinaculum
Floor: Medial surfaces of the talus and calcaneus.

Contents: Tibialis Posterior, Flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallicus longus, posterior tibial artery, posterior tibial vein and tibial nerve.

TT Syndrome is compression of the tibial nerve.

199
Q

Sinus Tarsi

A

The “eye” of the ankle. Found on the lateral side of the foot, distal and slightly anterior to the lateral mallelous.

Boundaries: Neck of the talus and the anterodsuperior aspect of the calcaneus.

ST Syndrome usually develops following an ankle sprain or due to repetitive strain from running or walking on a flat foot.

200
Q

Diabetic Coma

A

Hyperglycemia
Too much glucose in the blood, can lead to acidosis because there is not enough insulin in the blood to get the glucose to the body.

A loss of sodium, potassium, and ketone bodies through excessive urination produces ketoacidosis, which can lead to a coma.

Sx’s
Labored breathing, fruity-smelling breath, nausea and vomitting, thirst, dry mouth, flushed skin, and mental confusion.

201
Q

Insulin Shock

A

Hypoglycemia when the body has to much insulin and too little blood sugar.

Sx’s
tingling in the mouth, hands or other body part, physical weakness, headaches and abdominal pain. It may be observed that the pt. has normal or shallow respirations, rapid heartbeat and tremors along with irritability and drowsiness.

202
Q

Barton’s Fracture

A

An intra-articular fracture of the distal radius with dislocation of the radiocarpal joint.

203
Q

Intra-articular

A

Within a joint

ACL, PCL

204
Q

Immediate care for seizures

A

Get them side-lying, do NOT try and open their mouth. Nothing much you can do.

Activate EMS if:
No history of seizures
Seizures longer then..
If seizures become more violent or severe.

205
Q

ALS

A

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis - a fatal, progressive neurological disease that slowly attacks neurons responsible for voluntary muscular actions; there are no effective treatments to stop or reverse the progression.

206
Q

MS

A

Multiple Sclerosis - A neurodegenerative, lifelong chronic disease diagnosed primarily in young adults, characterized by the gradual accumulation of focal plaques of demyelination in the brain.

207
Q

Hypoxia

A

Low oxygen in the tissue.

BOC Prep (1 decks)

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