A CSF fluid with a milky appearance would most likely contain an increased amount of:
a. lipids
b. protein
c. glucose
d. bacteria
a. lipids
The lab values shown in the table were obtained on an unlabeled body fluid sample:
protein: 3 g/dL
albumin: 2.1 g/dL
hyaluronate: 0.4 g/dL
glucose: 80 mg/dL
lactate: 10 mg/dL
Sample is most likely:
a. urine
b. synovial fluid
c. peritoneal fluid
d. cerebrospinal fluid
b. synovial fluid
because there’s hyaluronate. also, urine would be in mg/dL units, not g/dL
- A physician attemps to aspirate a knee joint and obtains 0.1 mL of slightly bloody fluid. Addition of acetic acid results in turbidity and a clot. This indicates the fluid:
a. is synovial fluid
b. contains RBCs
c. is inappropriate for analysis
d. must be treated with a diluent prior to testing
a. is synovial fluid
- Myelin basic protein is most commonly measured in CSF to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment for:
a. viral encephalitis
b. multiple sclerosis
c. bacterial meningitis
d. intracranial hemorrhage
b. multiple sclerosis
- pH determinations are clinically relevant for which of the following?
a. pleural fluid
b. synovial fluid
c. pericardial fluid
d. cerebrospinal fluid
a. pleural fluid
- An L/S ratio of 2.4 on amniotic fluid collected at 34 weeks’ gestation indicates:
a. fetal lung maturity
b. fetal lung immaturity
c. increased risk for RDS
d. increased risk of neural tube detects
a. fetal lung maturity
- A CSF/serum albumin index of 17 would strongly suggest which of the following?
a. multiple myeloma
b. multiple sclerosis
c. bacterial meningitis
d. damage to the blood-brain barrier
d. damage to the blood-brain barrier
albumin is transported to the blood brain barrier, not synthesized in CSF
*197. A paired fasting plasma specimen is collected at the same time an arthrocentesis is performed. The difference in glucose concentrations between the fluids is reported as 55 mg/dL. This result indicates a(an):
a. septic condition
b. inflammatory condition
c. hemorrhagic condition
d. noninflammatory condition*
a. septic condition
- A 10 mL suspension, in water, is made from a blood stool sample collected from a neonate. The specimen is centrifuged and the resulting pink supernatant transferred in equal volumes to 2 tubes. The first tube serves as a reference wheil the second tube is alkalinized with 1 mL of 0.25 M sodium hydroxide. The second tube develops a yellow color within 2 minutes. This reactions indicates the presence of:
a. fetal hemoglobin
b. maternal hemoglobin
c. fetal white blood cells
d. maternal white blood cells
b. maternal hemoglobin
- The tau isoform of transferrin is a carbohydrate-deficient protein found only in:
a. CSF
b. sweat
c. seminal fluid
d. amniotic fluid
a. CSF
- Which of the following fetal lung maturity tests may be performed on amniotic fluid using the platelet channel of an automated hematology analyzer?
a. bilirubin
b. L/S ratio
c. lamellar body count
d. phosphatidylglycerol
c. lamellar body count
Results from a yellow, cloudy pleural fluid collected from a 56 yo male are listed:
fluid WBC count: 1550/uL
fluid glucose: 45 mg/dL
fluid/serum total protein: 0.9
fluid/serum LD: 0.7
a. chylous
b. an exudate
c. a transudate
d. pseudochylous
b. an exudate
> 1000 WBC = exudate
total protein >0.5
LD >0.6
cloudy, yellow
- A fluid sample is collected by thoracentesis and a paired serum sample is collected immediately afterward. The fluid-to-serum LD ratio is determined to be 0.9. This fluid would be categorized as a:
a. pleural exudate
b. pleural transudate
c. pericardial exudate
d. peritoneal transudate
a. pleural exudate
pleural — thoracentesis
LD 0.9 >0.5 exudate
- Amniotic fluid may be tested to determine the concentration of lamellar bodies to evaluate for:
a. fetal lung maturity
b. neural tube defects
c. erythroblastosis fetalis
d. congenital birth defects
a. fetal lung maturity
- Amniocentesis should be performed to:
a. determine the gestational age
b. confirm a high maternal serum AFP
c. measure bilirubin levels for an Rh-positive mother
d. determine the folic acid concentration in fetal circulation
b. confirm a high maternal serum AFP
- An elevated sweat chloride is associated with:
a. multiple sclerosis
b. muscular dystrophy
c. multiple myeloma
d. cystic fibrosis
d. cystic fibrosis
- The presence of macrophages in CSF is associated with:
a. viral infection
b. bacterial infection
c. subarachnoid hemorrhage
d. traumatic lumbar puncture
c. subarachnoid hemorrhage
- Amniotic fluid may be measured spectrophotometrically to determine the change in absorbance at 450 nm in order to monitor progression of which of the following?
a. fetal lung maturity
b. open neural tube defects
c. respiratory distress syndrome
d. hemolytic disease of the newborn
d. HDFN
- Acetylcholinesterase activity may be measured on amniotic fluid when a positive alpha-fetoprotein result is obtained to evaluate for:
a. fetal lung maturity
b. open neural tube defects
c. respiratory distress syndrome
d. hemolytic disease of the newborn
b. open neural tube defects
- A mildly increased CSF lactate (25-30 mg/dL) is generally associated with:
a. fungal meningitis
b. multiple sclerosis
c. multiple myeloma
d. bacterial meningitis
a. fungal meningitis
- An acholic or pale/clay-colored stool is characteristic of:
a. steatorrhea
b. maldigestion
c. malabsorption syndrome
d. a post-hepatobiliary obstruction
d. a post-hepatobiliary obstruction
- Results from a CSF cell differential for an adult patient suspected of having meningitis are listed in the table:
neutrophils: 3%
lymphocytes: 62%
monocytes: 23%
eosinophils: 12%
a. viral meningitis
b. fungal meningitis
c. bacterial meningitis
d. tubercular meningitis
b. fungal meningitis
eosinophils — in fungal and parasitic infections
- A wet prep is made from a fresh fecal specimen and stained with Wright stain. The laboratorian reports the presence of 3-5 WBC per high power field, noting that the cells are neutrophils. Indicates the patient has:
a. gallstones
b. maldigestion
c. ulcerative colitis
d. malabsorption
c. ulcerative colitis
- The presence of rice bodies in a synovial fluid is strongly associated with:
a. gouty arthritis
b. rheumatoid arthritis
c. traumatic collection
d. infection with S. aureus
b. rheumatoid arthritis
